CfT-I: an LTR-retrotransposon in Cladosporium fulvum, a fungal pathogen of tomato

1992 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. McHale ◽  
Ian N. Roberts ◽  
Stuart M. Noble ◽  
Christine Beaumont ◽  
Michael P. Whitehead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum

scholarly journals Activation of the Promoter of the Tnt1 Retrotransposon in Tomato After Inoculation with the Fungal Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Mhiri ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit ◽  
Marie-Angèle Grandbastien
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Specific Factors

The copia-like Tnt1 element of tobacco is one of the few active plant retrotransposons and is transcriptionally activated, in tobacco and in heterologous species, by biotic and abiotic stress factors. In order to establish more precisely the link between Tnt1 activation and plant defense responses, the expression of the Tnt1 promoter was studied in a gene-for-gene pathosystem, the interaction between tomato and the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. In compatible interactions, Tnt1 expression is highly induced throughout the leaf regions colonized by the fungus, while in incompatible interactions Tnt1 induction is transient and localized in distinct foci. Tnt1 expression after fungal inoculation parallels the differential activation of tomato defense genes. Tnt1 expression is induced by nonspecific factors of plant or fungal origin present in apoplastic fluids of leaf tissues infected by virulent races of C. fulvum, but is also activated by specific factors resulting from the interaction between fungal avirulence peptides and plant resistance genes. Tnt1 activation by apoplastic fluids containing avirulence peptides of C. fulvum is detected soon after elicitation. These results demonstrate that Tnt1 transcriptional activation correlates with biological responses of tomato to infection by C. fulvum and is mediated through signals originating from both race-specific and non-race-specific perception pathways.

Molecular Characterization of the Interaction Between the Fungal Pathogen Cladosporium Fulvum and Tomato

1994 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Honée ◽  
Guido F. J. M. van den Ackerveken ◽  
Henk W. J. van den Broek ◽  
Ton J. Cozijnsen ◽  
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum

Transcriptome and proteome analyses of proteases in biotroph fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Karimi Jashni ◽  
Ate van der Burgt ◽  
Evy Battaglia ◽  
Rahim Mehrabi ◽  
Jérôme Collemare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum

scholarly journals Extracellular proteolytic cascade in tomato activates immune protease Rcr3

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17409-17417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Paulus ◽  
Jiorgos Kourelis ◽  
Selva Ramasubramanian ◽  
Felix Homma ◽  
Alice Godson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Passalora Fulva ◽  
Proteolytic Cascade ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Proteolytic cascades regulate immunity and development in animals, but these cascades in plants have not yet been reported. Here we report that the extracellular immune protease Rcr3 of tomato is activated by P69B and other subtilases (SBTs), revealing a proteolytic cascade regulating extracellular immunity in solanaceous plants. Rcr3 is a secreted papain-like Cys protease (PLCP) of tomato that acts both in basal resistance against late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) and in gene-for-gene resistance against the fungal pathogenCladosporium fulvum (syn.Passalora fulva). Despite the prevalent model that Rcr3-like proteases can activate themselves at low pH, we found that catalytically inactive proRcr3 mutant precursors are still processed into mature mRcr3 isoforms. ProRcr3 is processed by secreted P69B and other Asp-selective SBTs in solanaceous plants, providing robust immunity through SBT redundancy. The apoplastic effector EPI1 ofP. infestanscan block Rcr3 activation by inhibiting SBTs, suggesting that this effector promotes virulence indirectly by preventing the activation of Rcr3(-like) immune proteases. Rcr3 activation inNicotiana benthamianarequires a SBT from a different subfamily, indicating that extracellular proteolytic cascades have evolved convergently in solanaceous plants or are very ancient in the plant kingdom. The frequent incidence of Asp residues in the cleavage region of Rcr3-like proteases in solanaceous plants indicates that activation of immune proteases by SBTs is a general mechanism, illuminating a proteolytic cascade that provides robust apoplastic immunity.

Molecular characerization of the interaction between the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and tomato

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Honée ◽  
Guido F. J. M. Van den Ackerveken ◽  
Henk W. J. Van den Broek ◽  
Ton J. Cozijnsen ◽  
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum

Production of the AVR9 elicitor from the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum in transgenic tobacco and tomato plants

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Honée ◽  
Leo S. Melchers ◽  
Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers ◽  
Jeroen S. C. van Roekel ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Plants

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Mesarich ◽  
Scott A. Griffiths ◽  
Ate van der Burgt ◽  
Bilal Ökmen ◽  
Henriek G. Beenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cysteine Rich Protein ◽  
Tomato Leaf Mold ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Cf-5 gene of tomato confers resistance to strains of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum carrying the avirulence gene Avr5. Although Cf-5 has been cloned, Avr5 has remained elusive. We report the cloning of Avr5 using a combined bioinformatic and transcriptome sequencing approach. RNA-Seq was performed on the sequenced race 0 strain (0WU; carrying Avr5), as well as a race 5 strain (IPO 1979; lacking a functional Avr5 gene) during infection of susceptible tomato. Forty-four in planta–induced C. fulvum candidate effector (CfCE) genes of 0WU were identified that putatively encode a secreted, small cysteine-rich protein. An expressed transcript sequence comparison between strains revealed two polymorphic CfCE genes in IPO 1979. One of these conferred avirulence to IPO 1979 on Cf-5 tomato following complementation with the corresponding 0WU allele, confirming identification of Avr5. Complementation also led to increased fungal biomass during infection of susceptible tomato, signifying a role for Avr5 in virulence. Seven of eight race 5 strains investigated escape Cf-5-mediated resistance through deletion of the Avr5 gene. Avr5 is heavily flanked by repetitive elements, suggesting that repeat instability, in combination with Cf-5-mediated selection pressure, has led to the emergence of race 5 strains deleted for the Avr5 gene.

Apoplastic Proteins Involved in Communication Between Tomato and the Fungal Pathogen Cladosporium Fulvum

1989 ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit ◽  
Guido F. J. M. van den Ackerveken ◽  
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten ◽  
Jan A. L. van Kan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum

scholarly journals The Fungal Gene Avr9 and the Oomycete Gene inf1 Confer Avirulence to Potato Virus X on Tobacco

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophien Kamoun ◽  
Guy Honée ◽  
Rob Weide ◽  
Richard Laugé ◽  
Miriam Kooman-Gersmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Mutant Forms ◽  
Fungal Gene

The AVR9 peptide of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and the INF1 protein of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) on Cf9 tomato or Cf-9 transgenic tobacco and on all cultivars of tobacco, respectively. Expression of either the functional Avr9 or inf1 genes from engineered potato virus X (PVX) genomes resulted in localized HR lesions on tobacco plants responsive to the elicitors and inhibited spread of the recombinant virus. In contrast, PVX derivatives producing mutant forms of AVR9 and INF1 with reduced elicitor activity caused systemic necrotic and/or mosaic symptoms, and were unable to inhibit PVX spread. These results demonstrate that HR is a highly versatile defense mechanism active against unrelated pathogens irrespective of the HR-inducing agent, and that resistance to recombinant PVX in tobacco is correlated with the strength of the transgene-encoded elicitor.

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