Physiological role of tyrosine transport systems in Halobacterium salinarium

1994 ◽  
Vol 162 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Lobyreva ◽  
M. V. Kokoeva ◽  
V. K. Plakunov
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium

Physiological role of tyrosine transport systems in Halobacterium salinarium

1994 ◽  
Vol 162 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
L. B. Lobyreva ◽  
M. V. Kokoeva ◽  
V. K. Plakunov
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium

scholarly journals Thermoprotection of Bacillus subtilis by Exogenously Provided Glycine Betaine and Structurally Related Compatible Solutes: Involvement of Opu Transporters

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Holtmann ◽  
Erhard Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis possesses five osmotically regulated transporters (Opu) for the uptake of various compatible solutes for osmoprotective purposes. We have now found that compatible solutes also function as thermoprotectants for B. subtilis. Low concentrations of glycine betaine enhanced the growth of the B. subtilis wild-type strain JH642 at its maximal growth temperature (52°C) but did not allow an extension of the upper growth limit. A similar enhancement in the growth of B. subtilis was also observed by the addition of several other compatible solutes that are structurally related to glycine betaine or by the addition of proline. Each of these compatible solutes was taken up under heat stress by the cell through the same Opu transporters that are used for their acquisition under osmostress conditions. Northern blot analysis revealed a moderate increase in transcription of the structural genes for each of the Opu transport systems in cells that were propagated at 52°C. In contrast, the uptake level of radiolabeled glycine betaine was very low under high-temperature growth conditions but nevertheless allowed the buildup of an intracellular glycine betaine pool comparable to that found in cells grown at 37°C in the absence of salt stress. Although exogenously added glutamate has only a limited osmoprotective potential for B. subtilis, it was found to be a very effective thermoprotectant. Collectively, our data demonstrate thermoprotection by a variety of compatible solutes in B. subtilis, thus ascribing a new physiological function for this class of compounds in this microorganism and broadening the physiological role of the known osmoprotectant uptake systems (Opu).

scholarly journals Cellular aspects of folate and antifolate membrane transport.

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Brzezińska ◽  
P Wińska ◽  
M Balińska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Folate Receptors

Folates--one carbon carriers--take part in the metabolism of purine, thymidylate and some amino acids. Internalization of these compounds employs several mechanisms of transport systems. Reduced folate carriers and folate receptors play the most important role in this process. The physiological role of these molecules in normal and neoplastic cells is described regarding changes in transport activity and connection of transport systems with resistance to antifolates and cancer development.

Physiological Role of Cyclic Electron Flow in Higher Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Wei HUANG ◽  
Shi-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kun-Fang CAO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow

The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK): An Intriguing Pharmacological Target for an Innovative Class of Diuretic Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2627-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Calderone ◽  
Alma Martelli ◽  
Eugenia Piragine ◽  
Valentina Citi ◽  
Lara Testai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Effective Drugs

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

scholarly journals Caspase-14—From Biomolecular Basics to Clinical Approach. A Review of Available Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5575
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Markiewicz ◽  
Dawid Sigorski ◽  
Mateusz Markiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek ◽  
Waldemar Placek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Science

Caspase-14 is a unique member of the caspase family—a family of molecules participating in apoptosis. However, it does not affect this process but regulates another form of programmed cell death—cornification, which is characteristic of the epidermis. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of the skin barrier. The cell death cycle has been a subject of interest for researchers for decades, so a lot of research has been done to expand the understanding of caspase-14, its role in cell homeostasis and processes affecting its expression and activation. Conversely, it is also an interesting target for clinical researchers searching for its role in the physiology of healthy individuals and its pathophysiology in particular diseases. A summary was done in 2008 by Denecker et al., concentrating mostly on the biotechnological aspects of the molecule and its physiological role. However, a lot of new data have been reported, and some more practical and clinical research has been conducted since then. The majority of studies tackled the issue of clinical data presenting the role of caspase in the etiopathology of many diseases such as retinal dysfunctions, multiple malignancies, and skin conditions. This review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular and, more interestingly, the clinical aspects of caspase-14. It also presents how theoretical science may pave the way for medical research. Methods: The authors analyzed publications available on PubMed until 21 March 2021, using the search term “caspase 14”.

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