Intergeneric hybrids between Triticum crassum and Hordeum vulgare

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fedak ◽  
C. Nakamura
1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak

Hybrids were obtained by pollinating Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes with Agropyron caninum (4x) and A. dasystachyum (4x) at frequencies of 1.4 and 6.1% of pollinated florets, respectively. The hybrids were sterile and phenotypically resembled the paternal parent, except for floret structure which was intermediate between the parental types. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was very low and thus provided no indication of homoeology between parental genomes. Abnormal meiotic chromosome behavior in meiocytes that occurred in sectors on the 'Betzes' × A. dasystachyum hybrid was attributed to abnormal spindle fibre function.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum vulgare, Agropyron caninum, Agropyron dasystachyum.


Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taing Aung

Intergeneric hybrids between cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2n = 2x = 14) and slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners), PI 531691 (2n = 4x = 28), were produced. This slender wheatgrass accession carries resistance to Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko, and was used as pollen parent. The seven hybrid plants were also resistant to Russian wheat aphid. The hybrids were produced at a frequency of 0.21% of emasculated and hand-pollinated florets. Chromosome pairing in all the euploid hybrids was very low (average chiasma frequency per cell, 0.30). This indicates that the I genome from H. vulgare is remotely related to the SH genomes of E. trachycaulus. Expression of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in all the hybrid plants demonstrates that the nuclear gene or genes for insect resistance contributed by E. trachycaulus are either dominant or hemizygous effective. Five of the seven hybrid plants were vigorous and produced well-developed flowering spikes; however, they did not shed viable pollen. Since all the vegetatively cloned plants of these hybrids exhibited a high degree of perennial characteristics and could be induced to flower under a favourable light and temperature regime, they appear congenial for chromosome doubling and backcrossing. Preliminary observations suggest that successful backcrossing could be achieved using the F1 hybrids as pistillate parent and H. vulgare as pollen parent.Key words: Russian wheat aphid resistance, intergeneric hybrids, genomic relationship, chromosome pairing, Hordeum vulgare, Elymus trachycaulus.


Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
R. E. Whitmoyer ◽  
L. R. Nault

A pathogen transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae, infects a number of Gramineae producing symptoms similar to wheat spot mosaic virus (1). An electron microscope study of leaf ultrastructure from systemically infected Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum showed the presence of ovoid, double membrane bodies (0.1 - 0.2 microns) in the cytoplasm of parenchyma, phloem and epidermis cells (Fig. 1 ).


Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.


1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Reinbothe ◽  
Christiane Reinbothe ◽  
Jorg Lehmann ◽  
Benno Parthier

1995 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Marttila ◽  
Berne L. Jones ◽  
Anita Mikkonen

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