Herbicide effects on soil arthropod dynamics and wheat straw decomposition in a North Carolina no-tillage agroecosystem

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. House ◽  
A.D. Worsham ◽  
T.J. Sheets ◽  
R.E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Soil Arthropod ◽  
Herbicide Effects

No-tillage and nitrogen application affects the decomposition of 15N-labelled wheat straw and the levels of mineral nitrogen and organic carbon in a Vertisol

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
A. J. King
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

No-tillage (NT) practice, where straw is retained on the soil surface, is increasingly being used in cereal cropping systems in Australia and elsewhere. Compared to conventional tillage (CT), where straw is mixed with the ploughed soil, NT practice may reduce straw decomposition, increase nitrogen immobilisation and increase organic carbon in the soil. This study examined 15N-labelled wheat straw (stubble) decomposition in four treatments (NT v. CT, with N rates of 0 and 75 kg/ha.year) and assessed the tillage and fertiliser N effects on mineral N and organic C and N levels over a 10-year period in a field experiment. NT practice decreased the rate of straw decomposition while fertiliser N application increased it. However, there was no tillage practice × N interaction. The mean residence time of the straw N in soil was more than twice as long under the NT (1.2 years) as compared to the CT practice (0.5 years). In comparison, differences in mean residence time due to N fertiliser treatment were small. However, tillage had generally very little effect on either the amounts of mineral N at sowing or soil organic C (and N) over the study period. While application of N fertiliser increased mineral N, it had very little effect on organic C over a 10-year period. Relatively rapid decomposition of straw and short mean residence time of straw N in a Vertisol is likely to have very little long-term effect on N immobilisation and organic C level in an annual cereal cropping system in a subtropical, semiarid environment. Thus, changing the tillage practice from CT to NT may not necessitate additional N requirement unless use is made of additional stored water in the soil or mineral N loss due to increased leaching is compensated for in N supply to crops.

scholarly journals Effects of different returning method combined with decomposer on decomposition of organic components of straw and soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xuexin Wang ◽  
Peng Geng ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

AbstractIn view of the problems of low straw decomposition rates and reduced soil fertility in southern Liaoning, China, we investigated the effects of no-tillage mode (NT), deep loosening + deep rotary tillage mode (PT), rotary tillage mode (RT) and the addition of decomposing agent (the next is called a decomposer) (NT + S, PT + S, RT + S) on the decomposition proportion of straw, respectively, by using the nylon net bag method in combination with 365-day field plot experiments. The decomposition rules of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as well as the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in straw returned to the field for 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 145 and 365 days were analyzed. The results showed that in the short term, the decomposition of straw was better in both the rotray tillage and deep loosening + deep rotary modes than in the no-tillage mode, and the addition of decomposer significantly promoted the decomposition of straw and the release of carbon from straw, among them, the RT + S treatment had the highest straw decomposition proportion and carbon release proportion in all sampling periods. After a one year experimental cycle, the RT + S treatment showed the highest proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposition with 35.49%, 84.23% and 85.50%, respectively, and soil SOC, MBC and DOC contents were also higher than the other treatments with an increase of 2.30 g kg−1, 14.22 mg kg−1 and 25.10 mg kg−1, respectively, compared to the pre-experimental soil. Our results show that in the short term, to accelerate the decomposition rate of returned straw and increase the content of various forms of carbon in soil, rotary tillage can be used to return the straw to the field, while also spraying straw decomposer on its surface. This experiment used a new straw decomposer rich in a variety of microorganisms, combined with the comparison of a variety of straw return modes, and in-depth study of straw decomposition effects of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thus, a scheme that can effectively improve the decomposition rate of straw and the content of various forms of organic carbon in soil within a short period of time was explored to provide theoretical support for the southern Liaoning.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

Wheat Straw Decomposition Patterns and Control Factors Under Nitrogen Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Liu ◽  
Yangquanwei Zhong ◽  
Xiaoyu Jia ◽  
Weiming Yan ◽  
Jia Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Wheat Straw Decomposition in the Field

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Smith ◽  
C. L. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Straw Decomposition

Inoculation withTrichoderma saturnisporumaccelerates wheat straw decomposition on soil

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Wiedow ◽  
Christel Baum ◽  
Peter Leinweber
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Straw Decomposition

Soil arthropod abundance under conventional and no tillage in a Mediterranean climate

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco Javier Fernández-Anero ◽  
Pablo Ruiz ◽  
Mercedes Campos
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Arthropod ◽  
Arthropod Abundance

scholarly journals Study of the Mechanics and Micro-Structure of Wheat Straw Returned to Soil in Relation to Different Tillage Methods

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Wang ◽  
Adnan Abbas ◽  
Xiaochan Wang ◽  
Sijun Yang ◽  
Morice R. O. Odhiambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Mesh Bag ◽  
Tillage Methods

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage methods, and their interaction on the dynamic changes of straw decomposition rate, mechanical properties, and micro-structure of the stalk. A nylon mesh bag technique was used. An obvious change was observed in the decomposition rate of straw, and its mechanical, and micro-structural properties. The decomposition rate of straw was increased in all tillage treatments. Specifically, it increased consistently in conventional and dry rotary tillage, and sharply in wet rotary tillage. Furthermore, for all tillage, the mechanical properties like shear and bending strengths decreased sharply while compressive strength first decreased linearly and then increased, whereas the micro-structure of wheat straw showed a fluctuating trend, i.e., it changed neither regularly nor consistently over time. Moreover, the micro-structure of the stalk explained the morphological changes to the straw that returned to the field, which may impact the mechanical properties. However, these changes could not explain the degradation trend of straw directly. The findings of the study could be used as a theoretical reference for the design of tillage and harvesting machinery keeping in view soil solidification and compaction dynamics.

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