Direction-specific differences in the magnitude of abducens nerve responses during off-vertical axis rotation are a basic property of the utriculo-ocular reflex in frogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pantle ◽  
K. Wadan ◽  
N. Dieringer
Keyword(s):  
Basic Property ◽  
Abducens Nerve ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Axis Rotation

Vestibulo-ocular function in anxiety disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Furman ◽  
Mark S. Redfern ◽  
Rolf G. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Velocity Storage ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
High Degree

Previous studies of vestibulo-ocular function in patients with anxiety disorders have suggested a higher prevalence of peripheral vestibular dysfunction compared to control populations, especially in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Also, our recent companion studies have indicated abnormalities in postural control in patients with anxiety disorders who report a high degree of space and motion discomfort. The aim of the present study was to assess the VOR, including the semicircular canal-ocular reflex, the otolith-ocular reflex, and semicircular canal-otolith interaction, in a well-defined group of patients with anxiety disorders. The study included 72 patients with anxiety disorders (age 30.6 +/− 10.6 yrs; 60 (83.3% F) and 29 psychiatrically normal controls (age 35.0 +/minus; 11.6 yrs; 24 (82.8% F). 25 patients had panic disorder; 47 patients had non-panic anxiety. Patients were further categorized based on the presence (45 of 72) or absence (27 of 72) of height phobia and the presence (27 of 72) or absence (45 of 72) of excessive space and motion discomfort (SMD). Sinusoidal and constant velocity earth-vertical axis rotation (EVAR) was used to assess the semicircular canal-ocular reflex. Constant velocity off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) was used to assess both the otolith-ocular reflex and static semicircular canal-otolith interaction. Sinusoidal OVAR was used to assess dynamic semicircular canal-otolith interaction. The eye movement response to rotation was measured using bitemporal electro-oculography. Results showed a significantly higher VOR gain and a significantly shorter VOR time constant in anxiety patients. The effect of anxiety on VOR gain was significantly greater in patients without SMD as compared to those with SMD. Anxiety patients without height phobia had a larger OVAR modulation. We postulate that in patients with anxiety, there is increased vestibular sensitivity and impaired velocity storage. Excessive SMD and height phobia seem to have a mitigating effect on abnormal vestibular sensitivity, possibly via a down-weighting of central vestibular pathways.

scholarly journals Effects of visual stimulation using a flat screen under off-vertical axis rotation conditions on the semicircular ocular reflex and otolith-ocular reflex

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Fumihiro Mochizuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Miyamoto ◽  
Yoshiyuki Sasano ◽  
Kotaro Arai ◽  
Hiroshi Nishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Flat Screen ◽  
Axis Rotation

scholarly journals Ocular Reflex Phase during Off-Vertical Axis Rotation in Humans is Modified by Head-Turn-On-Trunk Position

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha B. Douglas ◽  
Gilles Clément ◽  
Pierre Denise ◽  
Scott J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Head Turn ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
Trunk Position

scholarly journals Relation Between Perception of Vertical Axis Rotation and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Symmetry

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Robert J. Peterka ◽  
Martha S. Benolken
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Axis Rotation

Subjects seated in a vertical axis rotation chair controlled their rotational velocity by adjusting a potentiometer. Their goal was to null out pseudorandom rotational perturbations in order to remain perceptually stationary. Most subjects showed a slow linear drift of velocity (a constant acceleration) to one side when they were deprived of an earth-fixed visual reference. The amplitude and direction of this drift can be considered a measure of a static bias in a subject’s perception of rotation. The presence of a perceptual bias is consistent with a small, constant imbalance of vestibular function that could be of either central or peripheral origin. Deviations from perfect vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) symmetry are also assumed to be related to imbalances in either peripheral or central vestibular function. We looked for correlations between perceptual bias and various measures of vestibular reflex symmetry that might suggest a common source for both reflexive and perceptual imbalances. No correlations were found. Measurement errors could not account for these results since repeated tests in the same subjects of both perceptual bias and VOR symmetry were well correlated.

Effect of aging on the otolith-ocular reflex

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Furman ◽  
Mark S. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
Reflex Time

We assessed the influence of age on the otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith interaction. Healthy young (n=30) and healthy older (n=60) subjects were rotated about an earth vertical axis, and about a 30 degree off-vertical axis. Eye movements during and following rotation were recorded using electro-oculography. Results indicated that there were statistically significant changes in the otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith interaction as a function of age. The modulation component during off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) was greater in the older group compard to the young adults, whereas the bias component was smaller with advanced age. The foreshortening of the vestibulo-ocular reflex time constant induced by post-rotatory head tilt following cessation of rotation was less prominent in the older group. There were no consistent changes in the semicircular canal-ocular reflex. Overall, response parameters showed more variability in the older subjects. We conclude that age related changes in the otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith interaction are a result primarily of a degradation of central vestibular processing of otolith signals rather than a decline of peripheral vestibular function.

Off-Vertical Axis Rotation: A Test of the Otolith-Ocular Reflex

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. R. Furman ◽  
Robert H. Schor ◽  
Timothy L. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

The vestibulo-ocular reflex was studied via off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) in the dark. The axis of the turntable could be tilted from vertical by up to 30°. Eye movements were measured with electro-oculography. Results from healthy asymptomatic subjects indicated that 1) a reliable otolith-induced response could be obtained during constant velocity OVAR using a velocity of 60°/s with a tilt of 30°; 2) constant velocity OVAR rotation was nausea-producing and, especially if subjects were rotated in the dark about an earth-vertical axis prior to being tilted, disorienting; and 3) sinusoidal OVAR produced minimal nausea; the eye movement response appeared to be the result of a combination of semicircular canal and otolith components. We conclude that OVAR has the potential of becoming a useful method for clinically assessing both the otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal—otolith interaction.

Plasticity of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex during off-vertical axis rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Akutsu ◽  
Akemi Sugita-Kitajima ◽  
Koshi Mikami ◽  
Izumi Koizuka
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Axis Rotation
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