A circadian rhythm in neural activity can be recorded from the central nervous system of the cockroach

1990 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
ChristopherS. Colwell ◽  
TerryL. Page
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Photic sensitivity of the rhinophore in Aplysia

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Chase
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Optic Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Location ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A response to the onset of light was recorded electrophysiologically from the rhinophore nerve of Aplysia californica. Except for the optic nerves, no other peripheral nerve is known to carry photic information to the central nervous system. The result suggests a peripheral location for the extraocular photoreceptors which are known to be capable of controlling the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity.

Stimulating brain drug delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (564) ◽  
pp. eabe8119
Author(s):  
Raag Airan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neural activity affects how the blood-brain barrier regulates influx and efflux of agents between the blood and the central nervous system.

Dissociation of circadian rhythms in rats with a hypothalamic island

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R949-R954
Author(s):  
S. Honma ◽  
K. Honma ◽  
T. Hiroshige
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Complete isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus, including the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the isolated island, from the rest of the central nervous system was performed in rats. The circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone level remained essentially intact in 5 of 16 rats with complete islands, whereas that of spontaneous locomotor activity was decomposed into ultradian bursts in 15 rats, resulting in a clear dissociation of the two rhythms in four rats. One rat, whose circadian rhythm of both variables persisted after the hypothalamic isolation, showed a diurnal activity. The 24-h patterns of plasma corticosterone of the other rats could be characterized as either episodic or continuously low throughout the day. A prefeeding corticosterone peak was detected under restricted feeding in rats with episodic fluctuations but not in those with continuously low hormone levels. It is concluded that the hypothalamic island includes the fundamental structures necessary for the manifestation of the entrained circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone in rats under ad libitum feeding, whereas it contains only a part of that for spontaneous locomotor activity. The coupling pathways from the circadian oscillator(s) to these overt rhythms seem to be separate in the central nervous system, and the circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone is not a direct consequence of that of locomotor activity.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN AND CARBAMAZEPINE ON THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF FREE URINARY CORTICOIDS AND ON THE SUPPRESSIBILITY OF THE BASAL AND THE "IMPULSIVE" ACTIVITY BY DEXAMETHASONE

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Köbberling ◽  
A. v. zur Mühlen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT In eight normal volunteers the circadian rhythm of cortisol was established by the determination of free urinary corticoids in 2 h urine samples by the competitive protein binding method. After two control days dexamethasone was infused between 10 p. m. and 4 a. m. in doses between 50 and 400 μg/h. These experiments were repeated after pre-treatment with 400 mg diphenylhydantion/day for one week and again after pre-treatment with 800 mg carbamazepine/day. Under the influence of these anti-convulsant drugs the circadian rhythm of free urinary corticoids was still present but showed more irregularities and sometimes additional peaks in the course of the day. The 24 h excretion values, the peak and the nadir values and the time of the morning peaks were not significantly different from the control days. The degree of suppression by dexamethasone was dose related both with and without the application of the anti-convulsants but under the influence of both these drugs comparable effects could only be achieved by 2 to 4 fold higher doses of dexamethasone. The suppression of basal and impulsive cortisol activities was inhibited in a similar way. According to these results it can be assumed that the anti-convulsants interfere with the feedback mechanism by decreasing the sensitivity of the central nervous system to changes in plasma glucocorticoid concentrations. An intact feedback mechanism does not seem to be an essential condition for the circadian rhythm.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders as a Possible Side Effect of Fluvoxamine

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haggai Hermesh ◽  
Hadas Lemberg ◽  
Judith Abadi ◽  
Yaron Dagan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSleep problems, day somnolence, and fatigue as a result of psychotropic drugs are very common. Psychiatrists usually consider these effects a result of insomnia and treat them by prescribing sleeping pills or other benzodiazepine agents.We describe here 10 cases of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)—and not merely insomnia—as a possible side effect of fluvoxamine (FVA). Two other serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine and clomipramine, did not induce CRSD in any of these 10 patients. We speculate that FVA-induced CRSD is caused by the effect of FVA on serotonin and melatonin levels in the central nervous system.CRSD as a side effect of FVA can be treated by replacing the suspected FVA or adding melatonin to a beneficial FVA treatment. Thus, it is important to be aware of possible iatrogenic CRSD in order to treat appropriately. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our observation and to study the influence of other psychotropic drugs on sleep-wake schedule.

Postnatal Development of Circadian Rhythm in Serum Cortisol Levels in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoju Onishi ◽  
Genji Miyazawa ◽  
Yutaka Nishimura ◽  
Satoru Sugiyama ◽  
Takeshi Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to study the development of blood adrenocortical circadian rhythm in a total of 64 children, ranging in age from 1 month to 15 years. Patients with endocrine diseases, congenital anomalies, and diseases of the central nervous system were excluded from this study. Determination of corticosteroid concentration was possible with 20 to 100 µL of serum. Twenty-four hour patterns were determined at six-hour intervals. A distinct circadian rhythm with an amplitude comparable to that of an adult emerged at approximately 6 months of age.

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