Cell populations of the ganglion cell layer: displaced amacrine and matching amacrine cells in the pigeon retina

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Pigeon Retina

Enkephalin-immunoreactive ganglion cells in the pigeon retina

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz R. G. Britto ◽  
Dȃnia E. Hamassaki-Britto
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Pigeon Retina

AbstractA small number of enkephalin-like immunoreactive cells were observed in the ganglion cell layer of the pigeon retina. Many of these neurons were identified as ganglion cells, since they were retrogradely labeled after injections of fluorescent latex microspheres in the contralateral optic tectum. These ganglion cells were mainly distributed in the inferior retina, and their soma sizes ranged from 12–26 μm in the largest axis. The enkephalin-containing ganglion cells appear to represent only a very small percentage of the ganglion cells projecting to the optic tectum (less than 0.1%). Two to 7 weeks after removal of the neural retina, there was an almost complete elimination of an enkephalin-like immunoreactive plexus in layer 3 of the contralateral, rostrodorsal optic tectum. These data provide evidence for the existence of a population of enkephalinergic retinal ganglion cells with projections to the optic tectum.

Displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer of the hamster retina

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1071-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Linden ◽  
Carlos Eduardo L. Esbérard
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Displaced Amacrine Cells

NADPH-diaphorase neurones of human retinae have a uniform topographical distribution

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Provis ◽  
John Mitrofanis
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Topographical Distribution

AbstractWe have examined the morphology and distribution of neurones that contain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase in human retinae. NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was observed in three different classes of amacrine cells (ND1, ND2, ND3 cells) and in the cone photoreceptors. ND1 cells had relatively large somata (mean, 12.3 ¼m) located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Their dendrites were often strongly labeled and spread into either the middle or outer strata of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The somata of ND2 cells were medium-sized (mean, 8.2 ¼m) and located in the INL and in the GCL; their dendrites were usually beaded and often spread in either the middle or outer strata of the IPL. ND3 cells had small, round somata (mean, 5.2 ¼m) located in either the INL or GCL, and were without labeled processes. The total number of NADPH-diaphorase cells (all classes) was estimated at 118,000, with a mean density of about 100/mm2. The most striking fea ture of NADPH-diaphorase cells in humans was that their distribution was relatively uniform across the retina, with no evidence of a peak in density at the foveal rim.

Melanopsin and calbindin immunoreactivity in the inner retina of humans and marmosets

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh J. Chandra ◽  
Sammy C.S. Lee ◽  
Ulrike Grünert
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Starburst Amacrine Cells

Abstract In primate retina, the calcium-binding protein calbindin is expressed by a variety of neurons including cones, bipolar cells, and amacrine cells but it is not known which type(s) of cell express calbindin in the ganglion cell layer. The present study aimed to identify calbindin-positive cell type(s) in the amacrine and ganglion cell layer of human and marmoset retina using immunohistochemical markers for ganglion cells (RBPMS and melanopsin) and cholinergic amacrine (ChAT) cells. Intracellular injections following immunolabeling was used to reveal the morphology of calbindin-positive cells. In human retina, calbindin-labeled cells in the ganglion cell layer were identified as inner and outer stratifying melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells, and ON ChAT (starburst amacrine) cells. In marmoset, calbindin immunoreactivity in the ganglion cell layer was absent from ganglion cells but present in ON ChAT cells. In the inner nuclear layer of human retina, calbindin was found in melanopsin-expressing displaced ganglion cells and in at least two populations of amacrine cells including about a quarter of the OFF ChAT cells. In marmoset, a very low proportion of OFF ChAT cells was calbindin-positive. These results suggest that in both species there may be two types of OFF ChAT cells. Consistent with previous studies, the ratio of ON to OFF ChAT cells was about 70 to 30 in human and 30 to 70 in marmoset. Our results show that there are species-related differences between different primates with respect to the expression of calbindin.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the ground squirrel retina: Localization of the β4 subunit by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz R. G. Britto ◽  
Scott W. Rogers ◽  
Dânia E. Hamassaki-Britto ◽  
Robert M. Duvoisin
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Inner Nuclear Layer ◽  
Nachr Subunit

AbstractImmunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques were used to localize the β4 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the ground squirrel retina. The β4 nAChR subunit was detected in both transverse and horizontal sections of the retina using a subunit-specific antiserum and the avidin-biotin complex technique. Two bands of labeled processes were seen in the inner plexiform layer, corresponding approximately to the laminae where the cholinergic cells arborize. Labeled cells were found in the ganglion cell layer and the inner third of the inner nuclear layer. The cells in the ganglion cell layer were medium- to large-sized and were frequently observed to give rise to axon-like processes. Most of the labeled neurons in the inner nuclear layer were small presumptive amacrine cells, but a few medium-to-large cells were also labeled. These could constitute a different class of amacrine cells or displaced ganglion cells. The latter possibility is supported by the existence of nAChR-containing displaced ganglion cells in the avian retina. In situ hybridization with a 35S-labeled cRNA probe revealed the expression of mRNA coding for the nAChR β4 subunit in the ganglion cell layer and the inner third of the inner nuclear layer. This finding confirmed the immunohistochemical data of the cellular localization of β4 nAChR subunit.These results indicate that the β4 nAChR subunit is expressed by specific subtypes of neurons on the ground squirrel retina. As the expression of that particular nAChR subunit appears to be very limited in the brain, the present data suggest that the retina might represent a useful model to study the function of nAChRs containing the β4 subunit.

The number, morphology, and distribution of retinal ganglion cells and optic axons in the Australian lungfishNeoceratodus forsteri(Krefft 1870)

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENA J. BAILES ◽  
ANN E.O. TREZISE ◽  
SHAUN P. COLLIN
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Retrograde Labelling

Australian lungfishNeoceratodus forsterimay be the closest living relative to the first tetrapods and yet little is known about their retinal ganglion cells. This study reveals that lungfish possess a heterogeneous population of ganglion cells distributed in a horizontal streak across the retinal meridian, which is formed early in development and maintained through to adult stages. The number and complement of both ganglion cells and a population of putative amacrine cells within the ganglion cell layer are examined using retrograde labelling from the optic nerve and transmission electron-microscopic analysis of axons within the optic nerve. At least four types of retinal ganglion cells are present and lie predominantly within a thin ganglion cell layer, although two subpopulations are identified, one within the inner plexiform and the other within the inner nuclear layer. A subpopulation of retinal ganglion cells comprising up to 7% of the total population are significantly larger (>400 μm2) and are characterized as giant or alpha-like cells. Up to 44% of cells within the retinal ganglion cell layer represent a population of presumed amacrine cells. The optic nerve is heavily fasciculated and the proportion of myelinated axons increases with body length from 17% in subadults to 74% in adults. Spatial resolving power, based on ganglion cell spacing, is low (1.6–1.9 cycles deg−1,n= 2) and does not significantly increase with growth. This represents the first detailed study of retinal ganglion cells in sarcopterygian fish, and reveals that, despite variation amongst animal groups, trends in ganglion cell density distribution and characteristics of cell types were defined early in vertebrate evolution.

Most calretinin-containing amacrine cells in the rabbit retina co-localize glycine

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT GÁBRIEL ◽  
BÉLA VÖLGYI ◽  
EDIT POLLÁK
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Calcium Binding Proteins ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Fiber Layer

Calretinin-containing retinal amacrine cells are heterogeneous with regard to their neurochemical properties. In the rabbit retina, about 90% of them contain glycine, as evidenced in the present study by double-label immunocytochemistry. In a previous report, we showed that a small population of amacrine cells contains both γ-aminobutyric acid and calretinin. In this study, we further identified this cell population by means of known secondary markers. However, none of the markers we tested (choline acetyltransferase, serotonin accumulation, NADPH-diaphorase, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) co-localized with calretinin. A small population (1%) of the cells in the ganglion cell layer contains both calretinin and glycine. Since calretinin-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer have been identified as ganglion cells based on soma size and presence of calretinin-positive axons in the optic nerve fiber layer, this population may represent a class of ganglion cell which contains glycine. Our results, together with those of other studies, suggest that calretinin is not a general marker of any of the well-known amacrine cell types in the mammalian retina. Rather, calretinin, just as other calcium-binding proteins, is distributed in a species-specific manner. At the same time it appears that, as shown for horizontal cells, one or more of the major buffer-type calcium-binding proteins of the EF-hand family is present in most of the retinal amacrine cells.

scholarly journals The fine structure of the reconstructed neural retina of chick embryos

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
H. Fujisawa ◽  
H. Nakamura ◽  
M. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Inner Limiting Membranes

The fine structure of reconstructed neural retina formed from dissociated neural retinal cells of 6½-day-old chick embryos on the chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos was examined with the electron microscope. Three nuclear layers (ganglion cell layer, inner and outer nuclear layers) and two fibrous layers (inner and outer plexiform layers) are found within the reconstructed retina. Both the outer and the inner limiting membranes of the reconstructed structure are constituted from the processes of differentiated Müller cells. The ganglion cell layer consists of two types of cell, though a typical ganglion cell with axonal process is not observed. Optic nerve fibres are not formed. Amacrine cells are recognized within the inner nuclear layer. Differentiation of the inner segment of the photoreceptor cell occurs, but not of the outer segment. Synaptic structures are recognized in the inner plexiform layer, but not in the outer plexiform layer.

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