“Synaptic” ribbons and spherules of the rat pineal gland: Day/night changes in vitro?

1982 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karasek ◽  
L. Vollrath
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Synaptic Ribbons ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland

In Vitro Uptake of Benzodiazepines by Rat Pineal Gland

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro R. Lowenstein ◽  
César González Solveyra ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

scholarly journals Circadian Dynamics of the Cone-Rod Homeobox (CRX) Transcription Factor in the Rat Pineal Gland and Its Role in Regulation of Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT)

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 2966-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Rohde ◽  
Louise Rovsing ◽  
Anthony K. Ho ◽  
Morten Møller ◽  
Martin F. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Transcription In Vitro ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland

The cone-rod homeobox (Crx) gene encodes a transcription factor in the retina and pineal gland. Crx deficiency influences the pineal transcriptome, including a reduced expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat), a key enzyme in nocturnal pineal melatonin production. However, previous functional studies on pineal Crx have been performed in melatonin-deficient mice. In this study, we have investigated the role of Crx in the melatonin-proficient rat pineal gland. The current study shows that pineal Crx transcript levels exhibit a circadian rhythm with a peak in the middle of the night, which is transferred into daily changes in CRX protein. The study further shows that the sympathetic innervation of the pineal gland controls the Crx rhythm. By use of adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA gene knockdown targeting Crx mRNA in primary rat pinealocyte cell culture, we here show that intact levels of Crx mRNA are required to obtain high levels of Aanat expression, whereas overexpression of Crx induces Aanat transcription in vitro. This regulatory function of Crx is further supported by circadian analysis of Aanat in the pineal gland of the Crx-knockout mouse. Our data indicate that the rhythmic nature of pineal CRX protein may directly modulate the daily profile of Aanat expression by inducing nighttime expression of this enzyme, thus facilitating nocturnal melatonin synthesis in addition to its role in ensuring a correct tissue distribution of Aanat expression.

In vitro effects of putative neurotransmitters on synaptic ribbon numbers and N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat pineal gland

1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. P. Gupta ◽  
A. Seidel ◽  
R. Spessert ◽  
W. B�ttner ◽  
N. Klauke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Synaptic Ribbon ◽  
Acetyltransferase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland

Regulation of synaptic ribbons in rat pineal gland explants by norepinephrine and sympathetic neurons in a co-culture model

1995 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. McNulty ◽  
Torsten M. Madsen ◽  
Shih-Yen Tsai ◽  
Linda M. Fox ◽  
Niels Tonder
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Ribbons ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland
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