Cytoplasmic chloride regulates cation channels in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Pantoja ◽  
Jack Dainty ◽  
Eduardo Blumwald
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane ◽  
Cation Channels

Proton pumps of the vacuolar membrane in growing plant cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Maeshima ◽  
Yoichi Nakanishi ◽  
Chie Matsuura-Endo ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane ◽  
Proton Pumps

Calcium channels in the vacuolar membrane of plants: multiple pathways for intracellular calcium mobilization

1992 ◽  
Vol 338 (1283) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Cytosolic Free Calcium ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
A Charge

An increasing number of studies imply that Ca 2+ mobilization from intracellular stores plays an important role in stimulus evoked elevation of cytosolic free calcium during signal transduction in plants. It is believed that Ca 2+ is released mainly from the vacuole, which contains a high Ca 2+ concentration in a large volume, and can be regarded as the principal Ca 2+ pool in mature higher plant cells. The large size of the organelle confers unique experimental advantages to the study of endomembrane ion channels. The patch-clamp technique can be directly applied to isolated vacuoles to characterize Ca 2+ release pathways at the single channel level and confirm their membrane location. Using radiometric, ligand-binding and electrophysiological techniques we characterized two different pathways by which Ca 2+ can be mobilized from the vacuole of Beta vulgaris tap roots. Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (Ins P 3 )-elicited Ca 2+ release from tonoplast enriched vesicles is dose-dependent, highly specific for Ins P 3 , and is competitively inhibited by low M r heparin ( K i = 34 nM). This striking resemblance to the animal counterpart which is probably located in the ER is further reflected by the binding properties of the solubilized Ins P 3 receptor from beet, which bears similarities to the Ins P 3 receptor of cerebellum. Thus, Ins P 3 and heparin bind to a single site with sub-micromolar K d s, whereas other inositol phosphates have affinities in the supra-micromolar range. The second Ca 2+ channel in the beet tonoplast is voltage-sensitive and channel openings are largely promoted by positive shifts in the vacuolar membrane potential over the physiological range. Channel activity is neither affected by Ins P 3 addition nor by alteration of cytosolic free calcium, and from a large range of Ca 2+ antagonists tested, only Zn 2+ and the lanthanide Gd 3+ proved to be effective inhibitors. With Ca 2+ as a charge carrier the maximum unitary slope conductance is about 12 pS and saturation occurs at < 5 mM vacuolar Ca 2+ . The channel has an approximately 20-fold higher selectivity for Ca 2+ over K + which is achieved by a Ca 2+ binding site in the channel pore. The unique properties of this novel Ca 2+ release pathway suggests that it is specific for plants. The presence of both Ins P 3 -gated and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels at the vacuolar membrane implies flexibility in the mechanism of intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization in plant cells.

Coordination of V-ATPase and V-PPase at the Vacuolar Membrane of Plant Cells

2003 ◽  
pp. 171-216
Author(s):  
Martina Drobny ◽  
Elke Fischer-Schliebs ◽  
Ulrich Lüttge ◽  
Rafael Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane

The vacuolar membrane of plant cells: a newcomer in the field of biological membranes

Biochimie ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Barbier-Brygoo ◽  
Jean-Pierre Renaudin ◽  
Jean Guern
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane

scholarly journals Completing Autophagy: Formation and Degradation of the Autophagic Body and Metabolite Salvage in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Stefaniak ◽  
Łukasz Wojtyla ◽  
Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek ◽  
Sławomir Borek
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Membrane Invagination ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Available Information

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that occurs in yeast, plants, and animals. Despite many years of research, some aspects of autophagy are still not fully explained. This mostly concerns the final stages of autophagy, which have not received as much interest from the scientific community as the initial stages of this process. The final stages of autophagy that we take into consideration in this review include the formation and degradation of the autophagic bodies as well as the efflux of metabolites from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. The autophagic bodies are formed through the fusion of an autophagosome and vacuole during macroautophagy and by vacuolar membrane invagination or protrusion during microautophagy. Then they are rapidly degraded by vacuolar lytic enzymes, and products of the degradation are reused. In this paper, we summarize the available information on the trafficking of the autophagosome towards the vacuole, the fusion of the autophagosome with the vacuole, the formation and decomposition of autophagic bodies inside the vacuole, and the efflux of metabolites to the cytoplasm. Special attention is given to the formation and degradation of autophagic bodies and metabolite salvage in plant cells.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Confocal microscopy of the cytoskeleton in living plant cells following microinjection of fluorescent probes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Ann Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin

Microinjection of fluorescent probes into living plant cells reveals new aspects of cell structure and function. Microtubules and actin filaments are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell growth, division and intracellular transport. To date, cytoskeletal probes used in microinjection studies have included rhodamine-phalloidin for labelling actin filaments and fluorescently labelled animal tubulin for incorporation into microtubules. From a recent study of Tradescantia stamen hair cells it appears that actin may have a role in defining the plane of cell division. Unlike microtubules, actin is present in the cell cortex and delimits the division site throughout mitosis. Herein, I shall describe actin, its arrangement and putative role in cell plate placement, in another material, living cells of Tradescantia leaf epidermis.The epidermis is peeled from the abaxial surface of young leaves usually without disruption to cytoplasmic streaming or cell division. The peel is stuck to the base of a well slide using 0.1% polyethylenimine and bathed in a solution of 1% mannitol +/− 1 mM probenecid.

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