R�le of axonal transport in maintaining central synaptic connections

1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Cull
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Synaptic Connections

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Inflammational Animal Models for Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Juckel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Immunological System

Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.

Dependence of Sensitive Responses of Chaotic Wandering States on Configuration of Inhibited In-Coming Synaptic Connections

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Hamada ◽  
Jousuke Kuroiwa ◽  
Hisakazu Ogura ◽  
Tomohiro Odaka ◽  
Izumi Suwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Connections

Deficient axonal transport of substance P in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Effects of sorbinil and insulin

Diabetes ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Tomlinson ◽  
J. P. Robinson ◽  
G. B. Willars ◽  
P. Keen
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Diabetic Rats

Experimental diabetic neuropathy. Effect of ganglioside treatment on axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Figliomeni ◽  
B. Bacci ◽  
C. Panozzo ◽  
F. Fogarolo ◽  
C. Triban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy
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