Germination of encapsulated embryos of interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmannii complex) and black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 12-12 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
MonikaM. Lulsdorf ◽  
ThomasE. Tautorus ◽  
SusanI. Kikcio ◽  
TerryD. Bethune ◽  
DavidI. Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Interior Spruce

Short-term effects of cut-to-length versus full-tree harvesting on conifer regeneration in jack pine, mixedwood, and black spruce forests in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1938-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Waters ◽  
Steven W Kembel ◽  
Jean-François Gingras ◽  
Jennifer M Shay
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
The Impact

This study compares the effects of full-tree versus cut-to-length forest harvesting methods on tree regeneration in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), mixedwood (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss – Populus tremuloides Michx. – Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) sites in southeastern Manitoba, Canada. We surveyed tree regeneration densities, disturbance characteristics, and understorey vegetation in replicated control and harvested plots in each site type preharvest (1993) and 1 and 3 years postharvest (1994, 1996). In jack pine sites, the full-tree harvest method promoted regeneration of Pinus banksiana through increased disturbance of soil and the moss layer, and decreased slash deposition relative to the cut-to-length method. Conversely, in mixedwood sites the cut-to-length method resulted in less damage to advance regeneration and proved better at promoting postharvest regeneration of Abies balsamea and Picea glauca relative to the full-tree method. In black spruce sites, there were few differences in the impact of the two harvesting methods on regeneration of Picea mariana, which increased in frequency and density after both types of harvesting.

Black and White Spruce Plantings in Minnesota: Container vs Bareroot Stock and Fall vs Spring Planting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Better Than

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) styrob-lock and paperpot and 3-0 and 2-2 seedlings were planted spring and fall. After four seasons of growth the container seedlings had survival and height growth as good or better than the nursery seedlings. There were no differences in performance between the two container systems. The 2-2 stock generally had better survival than the 3-0 stock. Survival of fall-planted stock was equal to or better than that of the spring-planted stock. Key words: white spruce, black spruce, styroplugs, paper pots, seedlings, transplants, artificial regeneration, fall vs spring planting

Somatic embryo maturation, germination, and soil establishment of plants of black and white spruce (Picea mariana and Picea glauca)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Attree ◽  
T. E. Tautorus ◽  
D. I. Dunstan ◽  
L. C. Fowke
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Somatic Embryo Maturation

Somatic embryo maturation, germination, and soil establishment frequencies were compared for two conifer species, white and black spruce (Picea glauca and Picea mariana). The comparison of the two species regenerated and established in soil under the same conditions showed black spruce to be the most responsive. Shorter exposure times to 32 μM abscisic acid were not as effective as maturation on a medium containing 16 μM abscisic acid for 28 days. This gave similar maturation frequencies for the two species (6–8%), and germination frequencies of 64% for white spruce and over 73% for black spruce. Over 1800 black and white spruce plantlets were recovered, and more than 400 were transferred from in vitro to nonsterile conditions. Sixty percent (160) of the black spruce plantlets survived transfer and continued to grow vigorously. By comparison only 18% (29) of the white spruce plantlets survived, and half of these rapidly produced dormant buds and underwent no further shoot growth. White spruce plants that did not produce dormant buds grew vigorously. These results indicate that there are large differences in the ability of these closely related species to respond to plantlet establishment following regeneration from somatic embryos, and that black spruce is highly responsive to micropropagation by this method. Key words: Picea glauca, Picea mariana, somatic embryogenesis, maturation, germination, soil establishment.

Differences in crown characteristics between black (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1733-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Power ◽  
Valerie LeMay ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Derek Sattler ◽  
Daniel Kneeshaw
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Sample Tree ◽  
Crown Characteristics ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

Black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) are phylogenetically proximal species that differ in productivity. Crown characteristics of these two species have not been extensively studied, in spite of the importance of these two species to the Canadian boreal forest and the importance of tree crowns for understanding and modelling tree growth. In this paper, we characterize and compare the crown lengths, crown profiles (i.e., radii), shapes, and surface areas of these two species using 65 white spruce and 57 black spruce trees destructively sampled in the provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada. Crown length was measured on every sample tree, while crown profile was obtained by reconstructing crowns from branch measurements. Our results showed that crown lengths did not differ between these two species given the same tree size and growth conditions. However, these two species establish under different growth conditions resulting in crown length differences. Further, differences in crown radii and profiles were found even under the same growth conditions. White spruce trees had wider crown radii and profiles changed from a parabola to a cone shape under increased density. As a result, differences in crown surface areas were found.

Somatic embryogenesis in Picea glauca (white spruce) and Picea mariana (black spruce)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Hakman ◽  
Larry C. Fowke
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

Embryogenic callus was initiated from immature embryos of Picea glauca (white spruce) and Picea mariana (black spruce) cultured on defined media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1 × 10−5 M), N6-benzyladenine (5 × 10−6 M), and 1% sucrose. Seeds from cones stored at 4 °C for up to 3 months yielded embryogenic callus. Much higher frequencies of embryogenic callus were obtained from white spruce than from black spruce. Embryogenic callus contained loosely organized cells and somatic embryos of various sizes. The embryos consisted of a cluster of tiny dividing cells (embryonic region) with attached large vacuolated cells (suspensor region). Upon subculture of embrogenic callus to media either lacking growth regulators or with reduced concentrations (5 × 10−7 M, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5 × 10−6 M N6-benzyladenine) somatic embryos could be stimulated to develop into plantlets.

Notes on the Biology of Griselda radicana (Wlshm.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Disease Survey ◽  
Spruce Stands

In the course of studles on different species of defoliators in field-spruce stands on the Gaspé coast of the Baie des Chaleurs, Griselda radicana (Wlshm.) occurred fairly commonly in such stands. Although the principal host tree of this insect is white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, records of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey show that it has been collected from black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., Colorado spruce, Picea pungens Engelm., and balsam fir, Abies halramea (L.) Mill. Although G. radicana is commonly found across Canada, there are no records that it has ever reached outbreak proportions. These investigations were undertaken since nothing was known on the life history and habits of this insect. The studies were carried out near New Richmond in the Gaspé Peninsula in the summer of 1959.

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