Neuronal responses in the visual cortex of awake cats to stationary and moving targets

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Noda ◽  
R. B. Freeman ◽  
B. Gies ◽  
O. D. Creutzfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Awake Cats

Heterogeneous Neuronal Responses to Frequency-Modulated Tones in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Awake Cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1622-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qin ◽  
JingYu Wang ◽  
Yu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Sweep Speed

Previous studies in anesthetized animals reported that the primary auditory cortex (A1) showed homogenous phasic responses to FM tones, namely a transient response to a particular instantaneous frequency when FM sweeps traversed a neuron's tone-evoked receptive field (TRF). Here, in awake cats, we report that A1 cells exhibit heterogeneous FM responses, consisting of three patterns. The first is continuous firing when a slow FM sweep traverses the receptive field of a cell with a sustained tonal response. The duration and amplitude of FM response decrease with increasing sweep speed. The second pattern is transient firing corresponding to the cell's phasic tonal response. This response could be evoked only by a fast FM sweep through the cell's TRF, suggesting a preference for fast FM. The third pattern was associated with the off response to pure tones and was composed of several discrete response peaks during slow FM stimulus. These peaks were not predictable from the cell's tonal response but reliably reflected the time when FM swept across specific frequencies. Our A1 samples often exhibited a complex response pattern, combining two or three of the basic patterns above, resulting in a heterogeneous response population. The diversity of FM responses suggests that A1 use multiple mechanisms to fully represent the whole range of FM parameters, including frequency extent, sweep speed, and direction.

scholarly journals Bottom-up saliency and top-down learning in the primary visual cortex of monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (41) ◽  
pp. 10499-10504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Yan ◽  
Li Zhaoping ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Late Component ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Orientation Contrast

Early sensory cortex is better known for representing sensory inputs but less for the effect of its responses on behavior. Here we explore the behavioral correlates of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) in a task to detect a uniquely oriented bar—the orientation singleton—in a background of uniformly oriented bars. This singleton is salient or inconspicuous when the orientation contrast between the singleton and background bars is sufficiently large or small, respectively. Using implanted microelectrodes, we measured V1 activities while monkeys were trained to quickly saccade to the singleton. A neuron’s responses to the singleton within its receptive field had an early and a late component, both increased with the orientation contrast. The early component started from the outset of neuronal responses; it remained unchanged before and after training on the singleton detection. The late component started ∼40 ms after the early one; it emerged and evolved with practicing the detection task. Training increased the behavioral accuracy and speed of singleton detection and increased the amount of information in the late response component about a singleton’s presence or absence. Furthermore, for a given singleton, faster detection performance was associated with higher V1 responses; training increased this behavioral–neural correlate in the early V1 responses but decreased it in the late V1 responses. Therefore, V1’s early responses are directly linked with behavior and represent the bottom-up saliency signals. Learning strengthens this link, likely serving as the basis for making the detection task more reflexive and less top-down driven.

scholarly journals Perceptual detection depends on spike count integration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson J. Cone ◽  
Morgan L. Bade ◽  
Nicolas Y. Masse ◽  
Elizabeth A. Page ◽  
David J. Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Spike Count ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractWhenever the retinal image changes some neurons in visual cortex increase their rate of firing, while others decrease their rate of firing. Linking specific sets of neuronal responses with perception and behavior is essential for understanding mechanisms of neural circuit computation. We trained mice to perform visual detection tasks and used optogenetic perturbations to increase or decrease neuronal spiking primary visual cortex (V1). Perceptual reports were always enhanced by increments in V1 spike counts and impaired by decrements, even when increments and decrements were delivered to the same neuronal populations. Moreover, detecting changes in cortical activity depended on spike count integration rather than instantaneous changes in spiking. Recurrent neural networks trained in the task similarly relied on increments in neuronal activity when activity was costly. This work clarifies neuronal decoding strategies employed by cerebral cortex to translate cortical spiking into percepts that can be used to guide behavior.

Effects of ketamine on orientation selectivity and variability of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 1725 ◽  
pp. 146462
Author(s):  
A. Ouelhazi ◽  
V. Bharmauria ◽  
N. Chanauria ◽  
L. Bachatene ◽  
R. Lussiez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Neuronal Responses

scholarly journals The Effect of Attention on Neuronal Responses to High and Low Contrast Stimuli

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 960-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonyeol Lee ◽  
John H. R. Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Visual Area Mt

It remains unclear how attention affects the tuning of individual neurons in visual cerebral cortex. Some observations suggest that attention preferentially enhances responses to low contrast stimuli, whereas others suggest that attention proportionally affects responses to all stimuli. Resolving how attention affects responses to different stimuli is essential for understanding the mechanism by which it acts. To explore the effects of attention on stimuli of different contrasts, we recorded from individual neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of rhesus monkeys while shifting their attention between preferred and nonpreferred stimuli within their receptive fields. This configuration results in robust attentional modulation that makes it possible to readily distinguish whether attention acts preferentially on low contrast stimuli. We found no evidence for greater enhancement of low contrast stimuli. Instead, the strong attentional modulations were well explained by a model in which attention proportionally enhances responses to stimuli of all contrasts. These data, together with observations on the effects of attention on responses to other stimulus dimensions, suggest that the primary effect of attention in visual cortex may be to simply increase the strength of responses to all stimuli by the same proportion.

scholarly journals Modulation of Neuronal Responses by Exogenous Attention in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (39) ◽  
pp. 13419-13429 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wang ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
L. Zhaoping ◽  
W. Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Neuronal Responses
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