A procedure for large-scale purification of domoic acid from toxic blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Nijjar ◽  
P.M. MacKenzie ◽  
J.A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blue Mussels

Microbial utilization of the neurotoxin domoic acid: blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and soft shell clams (Mya arenaria) as sources of the microorganisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Stewart ◽  
L J Marks ◽  
M W Gilgan ◽  
E Pfeiffer ◽  
B M Zwicker
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Microbial Utilization ◽  
Soft Shell ◽  
Enrichment Techniques ◽  
Sea Scallops

The neurotoxin domoic acid is produced in quantity by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and is released to the environment directly and indirectly via food chains. Presumably there is a mechanism for the biodegradation and disposal of domoic acid and as bacteria are logical candidates for such an activity, a search for bacteria competent to carry out biodegradation of domoic acid was initiated. Extensive trials with a wide variety of bacteria isolated mainly from muds and waters taken from the marine environment showed that the ability to grow on or degrade domoic acid was rare; in fact, domoic acid was inhibitory to resting cells or growing cultures of most of these bacteria. In contrast, using enrichment techniques, it was possible to isolate from molluscan species that eliminate domoic acid readily, i.e., blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), bacteria that exhibited growth with and biodegradation of domoic acid when supplemented with low concentrations of growth factors. The species that retain domoic acid for lengthy periods, such as sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) and red mussels(Modiolus modiolus), only occasionally yielded bacteria with this capability. The differences may be a result of the mechanisms used by the different shellfish in dealing with domoic acid, i.e., freely available in the blue mussels and soft shell clams but likely sequestered in the digestive glands of sea scallops and red mussels and thus, largely unavailable for bacterial utilization. The results show that Mytilus edulis and Mya arenaria, almost uniquely, are prime and reliable sources of domoic acid utilizing bacteria. These findings suggest a strong possibility that autochthonous bacteria may be significant factors in the elimination of the neurotoxin in these two species of shellfish.Key words: bacteria, neurotoxin, domoic acid, elimination, bivalve molluscs.

Depuration of Domoic Acid from Live Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Novaczek ◽  
M. S. Madhyastha ◽  
R. F. Ablett ◽  
A. Donald ◽  
G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Depuration Rate

Industrial depuration may provide a means of removing domoic acid toxin from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussels containing up to 50 μg domoic acid∙g−1 were transported from a Prince Edward Island estuary into controlled laboratory conditions to test the effects of temperature, salinity, mussel size, and feeding upon depuration. Fifty percent of toxin was eliminated within 24 h. After 72 h, mussels were either clean or contained, on average, only residual levels of toxin (< 5 μg∙g−1), regardless of conditions. Exponential depuration curves were fitted to the domoic acid concentration data. To evaluate differences in rate of depuration under various conditions, statistical comparisons were made between slopes of the clearance curves. Rates of depuration were faster in small (45–55 mm) than in large mussels (60–70 mm) and more rapid at 11 than at 6 °C. There was no significant difference in depuration rate at 18‰ salinity as opposed to 28‰ or in starved versus fed mussels. Because of their relatively large digestive glands, meats of small mussels contained more toxin per unit weight than meats of large mussels. The bulk of domoic acid appeared to reside in the gut lumen. However, the presence of small amounts of domoic acid in intracellular compartments cannot be ruled out.

Uptake, disposition and depuration of domoic acid by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Novaczek ◽  
M.S. Madhyastha ◽  
R.F. Ablett ◽  
G. Johnson ◽  
M.S. Nijjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Blue Mussels

Macrophyte-derived detritus in shallow coastal waters contributes to suspended particulate organic matter and increases growth rates of Mytilus edulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
D Bearham ◽  
MA Vanderklift ◽  
RA Downie ◽  
DP Thomson ◽  
LA Clementson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Suspension Feeder ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Suspension Feeders ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Benthic suspension feeders, such as bivalves, potentially have several different food sources, including plankton and resuspended detritus of benthic origin. We hypothesised that suspension feeders are likely to feed on detritus if it is present. This inference would be further strengthened if there was a correlation between δ13C of suspension feeder tissue and δ13C of particulate organic matter (POM). Since detritus is characterised by high particulate organic matter (POC):chl a ratios, we would also predict a positive correlation between POM δ13C and POC:chl a. We hypothesised that increasing depth and greater distance from shore would produce a greater nutritional reliance by experimentally transplanted blue mussels Mytilus edulis on plankton rather than macrophyte-derived detritus. After deployments of 3 mo duration in 2 different years at depths from 3 to 40 m, M. edulis sizes were positively correlated with POM concentrations. POC:chl a ratios and δ13C of POM and M. edulis gill tissue decreased with increasing depth (and greater distance from shore). δ13C of POM was correlated with δ13C of M. edulis. Our results suggest that detritus comprised a large proportion of POM at shallow depths (<15 m), that M. edulis ingested and assimilated carbon in proportion to its availability in POM, and that growth of M. edulis was higher where detritus was present and POM concentrations were higher.

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