Candidate premotor neurones of skin reflex pathways to T1 forelimb motoneurones of the cat

1993 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kitazawa ◽  
Y. Ohki ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
M. Xi ◽  
T. Hongo
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Forelimb Motoneurones

Neuromuscular Control of Movement

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Local Reflex ◽  
Local Circuits ◽  
And Control

The control of movement is essential for animals traversing complex environments and operating across a range of speeds and gaits. We consider how animals process sensory information and initiate motor responses, primarily focusing on simple motor responses that involve local reflex pathways of feedback and control, rather than the more complex, longer-term responses that require the broader integration of higher centers within the nervous system. We explore how local circuits facilitate decentralized coordination of locomotor rhythm and examine the fundamentals of sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, joints, and at the animal’s body surface. These sensors monitor the animal’s physical environment and the action of its muscles. The sensory information is then carried back to the animal’s nervous system by afferent neurons, providing feedback that is integrated at the level of the spinal cord of vertebrates and sensory-motor ganglia of invertebrates.

scholarly journals Segmental reflex pathways in spinal shock and spinal spasticity in man

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashby ◽  
M. Verrier ◽  
E. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Spinal Shock ◽  
Segmental Reflex

Neural reflex pathways in intestinal inflammation: hypotheses to viable therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose A. Willemze ◽  
Misha D. Luyer ◽  
Wim A. Buurman ◽  
Wouter J. de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Reflex Pathways

Electrophysiologic Evaluation of the Facial Nerve and Blink Reflex Pathways in Asymptomatic Cochlear Implant Users

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Tuna Edizer ◽  
Turgut Adatepe ◽  
Nurten Uzun ◽  
Ozgur Yigit ◽  
Aysegul Gunduz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Reflex Pathways

Modulation of Transmission in Reflex Pathways of Trigeminal Motoneurones

1995 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena Appenteng ◽  
John C. Curtis ◽  
Paul Grimwood ◽  
Ming-Yuan Min ◽  
Hsiu-Wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Pathways

scholarly journals An objective approach to assess colonic pain in mice using colonometry

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0245410
Author(s):  
Liya Y. Qiao ◽  
Jonathan Madar
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Stretch Reflex ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study presents a non-surgical approach to assess colonic mechanical sensitivity in mice using colonometry, a technique in which colonic stretch-reflex contractions are measured by recording intracolonic pressures during saline infusion into the distal colon in a constant rate. Colonometrical recording has been used to assess colonic function in healthy individuals and patients with neurological disorders. Here we found that colonometry can also be implemented in mice, with an optimal saline infusion rate of 1.2 mL/h. Colonometrograms showed intermittent pressure rises that was caused by periodical colonic contractions. In the sceneries of colonic hypersensitivity that was generated post 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colonic inflammation, following chemogenetic activation of primary afferent neurons, or immediately after noxious stimulation of the colon by colorectal distension (CRD), the amplitude of intracolonic pressure (AICP) was markedly elevated which was accompanied by a faster pressure rising (ΔP/Δt). Colonic hypersensitivity-associated AICP elevation was a result of the enhanced strength of colonic stretch-reflex contraction which reflected the heightened activity of the colonic sensory reflex pathways. The increased value of ΔP/Δt in colonic hypersensitivity indicated a lower threshold of colonic mechanical sensation by which colonic stretch-reflex contraction was elicited by a smaller saline infusion volume during a shorter period of infusion time. Chemogenetic inhibition of primary afferent pathway that was governed by Nav1.8-expressing cells attenuated TNBS-induced up-regulations of AICP, ΔP/Δt, and colonic pain behavior in response to CRD. These findings support that colonometrograms can be used for analysis of colonic pain in mice.

scholarly journals Reticulospinal inhibition of transmission in reflex pathways

1968 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Engberg ◽  
A. Lundberg ◽  
R. W. Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Pathways
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