Serotonin innervation patterns differ among the various medullary motoneuronal groups involved in upper airway control

1993 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideho Arita ◽  
Masahiro Sakamoto ◽  
Yutaka Hirokawa ◽  
Nobuo Okado
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Control ◽  
Innervation Patterns

scholarly journals Critical upper airway obstruction as the first symptom of acute myeloid leukemia - an anesthesiologic reminder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Bruserud ◽  
Øystein Wendelbo ◽  
Nils Vetti ◽  
Frederik Kragerud Goplen ◽  
Silje Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Control ◽  
Computer Tomography Scan ◽  
Surgical Tracheotomy ◽  
Tomography Scan

Acute upper airway obstruction can be fatal. Early recognition of airway distress followed by diagnostic laryngoscopy and prompt intervention to secure airway control is crucial. We here present a 62-year old male patient who presented with cough and increasing respiratory distress for three weeks. Within the next 24 h, he developed symptoms of critical upper airway obstruction, endotracheal intubation was not possible, and an acute surgical tracheotomy was performed to retain patent airways. A computer tomography scan revealed severe laryngopharyngeal soft tissue thickening and upper airway obstruction caused by leukemic infiltration. He was diagnosed with acute leukemia and responded to induction chemotherapy. This case report points out the importance of establishing the diagnosis of critical upper airway obstruction in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms, and highlights the emergency management of airway obstruction due to malignant infiltration of leukemic blasts.

Disordered Control of Breathing in Infants and Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
John L. Carroll ◽  
Carole L. Marcus ◽  
Gerald M. Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Breathing Control ◽  
Airway Control ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Introduction Breathing must be tightly regulated so that the amount of oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide exhaled matches precisely the metabolic needs of the body. Acute malfunction of breathing control mechanisms, even for a few seconds, may lead rapidly to serious physiologic derangements, with death as the final outcome if the system fails to recover. Chronic malfunction of breathing control mechanisms may lead to chronically abnormal blood gases (eg, hypoxemia), with such consequent complications as developmental delay or cor pulmonale. Because the upper airway is shared for breathing, eating, drinking, and talking, control of breathing also encompasses coordination of these actions in such a way that all are carried out effectively. The upper airway also must be actively held open during sleep or it will collapse during the inspiratory phase of breathing. Tone and activity of the muscles that maintain upper airway patency are controlled, in part, by the respiratory control systems. Malfunction of upper airway control mechanisms may play a role in obstructive sleep apnea. Thus, respiratory control not only refers to the control of gas exchange, but encompasses breathing pattern, apnea, respiratory protective reflexes, and upper airway control—specifically, maintenance of upper airway patency. This review will cover infant apnea and home cardiorespiratory monitoring, apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) and home monitoring, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children, central hypoventilation syndromes, and hyperventilation syndromes.

scholarly journals Rhinoscleroma presenting as a nasal-palatal mass with airway obstruction

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Domanski ◽  
Alexander Rivero ◽  
David E Kardon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Airway Control

We report a case of a 45-year-old male with severe rhinoscleroma. The patient presented to the emergency room with dyspnea from a long-standing nasal-palatal mass. A tracheostomy was required for airway control. While dyspnea in the presence of an upper airway mass is typical of malignancy, consideration of non-oncological etiologies is important. We review the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of rhinoscleroma.

scholarly journals Submental intubation in complex craniomaxillofacial trauma cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Navin Kumar ◽  
P. K. Chattopadhaya ◽  
Gaurav Dua ◽  
Sandeep Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Intermaxillary Fixation ◽  
Airway Control ◽  
Submental Intubation ◽  
Postoperative Ventilation ◽  
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Airway management in patient with craniomaxillofacial trauma is challenging due to disruption of components of upper airway. In complex panfacial trauma cases, especially involving naso-orbito-ethmoidal complex, the airway is shared between the maxillofacial surgeon and anaesthesiologist. Often in such severe trauma cases, both nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation are contraindicated. Previously in such situation tracheostomy was the method of choice. Though tracheostomy is time tested it has its fair share of complications, some even life threatening. Other methods were used such as retromolar intubation as an alternative, but it may not be suitable for all such cases. Another approach is submental intubation but not so much in routine practice. A retrospective study was designed to evaluate clinical criteria’s airway management in complex craniomaxillofacial trauma cases using submental intubation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Datasheets of 14 craniomaxillofacial trauma cases who were intubated with submental intubation method were reviewed. The factors like: ease of anaesthesiologist for carrying out general anaesthesia, ease of surgeon for performing surgery and average time taken during the procedure, intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated and charted.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Submental intubation provides intraoperative airway control, avoids use of both oral and nasal routes, and allows intraoperative manipulation of occlusion, intramaxillary and intermaxillary fixation. This technique has minimal complications and has better patient, anaesthetists and surgeons acceptability. The limitations of this technique include longer preparation time, inability to maintain long term postoperative ventilation and unfamiliarity of technique itself.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This submental intubation can be used with little modifications in a variety of complicated panfacial trauma cases. </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document