Geographical variation in heading characters among wheat landraces, Triticum aestivum L., and its implication for their adaptability

1992 ◽  
Vol 84-84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kato ◽  
H. Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Heading Characters

scholarly journals Molecular Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Egyptian Landraces of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Microsatellite Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Medhat Mohamed Al-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Maboud Abd El-Shafi ◽  
Mohamed Helmy El-Shal ◽  
Ali Hassan Anany
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Wheat Landraces

To increase the genetic progress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, breeders search for germplasm of high genetic diversity, one of them is the landraces. The present study aimed at evaluating genetic diversity of 20 Egyptian wheat landraces and two cultivars using microsatellite markers (SSRs). Ten SSR markers amplified a total of 27 alleles in the set of 22 wheat accessions, of which 23 alleles (85.2%) were polymorphic. The majority of the markers showed high polymorphism information content (PIC) values (0.67-0.94), indicating the diverse nature of the wheat accessions and/or highly informative SSR markers used in this study. The genotyping data of the SSR markers were used to assess genetic variation in the wheat accessions by dendrogram. The highest genetic distance was found between G21 (Sakha 64; an Egyptian cultivar) and the landrace accession No. 9120 (G11). These two genotypes could be used as parents in a hybridization program followed by selection in the segregating generations, to identify some transgressive segregates of higher grain yield than both parents. The clustering assigned the wheat genotypes into four groups based on SSR markers. The results showed that the studied SSR markers, provided sufficient polymorphism and reproducible fingerprinting profiles for evaluating genetic diversity of wheat landraces. The analyzed wheat landraces showed a good level of genetic diversity at the molecular level. Molecular variation evaluated in this study of wheat landraces can be useful in traditional and molecular breeding programs.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of high-molecular-weight glutenin loci in Ukrainian wheat landraces Triticum aestivum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
T. O. Sobko ◽  
G.M. Lisova ◽  
O.M. Blagodarova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hmw Glutenin ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
In The Beginning

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate allelic variability of high-molecular-weight glutenin loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 in Ukrainian winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars Triticum aestivum L. Methods. Allelic diversity at the Glu-1 loci were analyzed in 54 collection accessions, including 41 landraces (Krymka, Banatka, Girka, Theyka and others), and 13 first breeding cultivars that were developed in the beginning of the last century by selection from local wheat. Method of SDS-PAG electrophoresis according to Laemmli was used for fractionation of HMW glutenin subunits. Results. A total 11 alleles at the Glu-1 loci were identified, including 3 alleles at the Glu-A1 (a, b, c) and Glu-D1 (a, b, d) loci, and 5 – at the Glu- B1 (c, u, an, aj and subunit 9). Differences in frequencies of glutenin alleles were revealed. Conclusions. In the gene pool of Ukrainian winter bread wheat landraces the most widespread alleles were Glu-A1a (43.3 %), Glu-A1b (40.5 %), Glu-B1c (58 %), Glu-B1u (23 %), Glu-D1d (48.6 %), Glu-D1a (47.2 %). All these alleles (except of the Glu-D1a) are also predominant in the gene pool of modern commercial Ukrainian cultivars. A distinctive feature of Ukrainian landraces are the rare allelic variants of the Glu-B1 locus, which encode the subunits 1By9 and 1By8 (allele Glu-B1aj). Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., winter wheat, landraces, high-molecular-weight glutenin, alleles.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and population structure of Saudi Arabia bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by microsatellite markers

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-956
Author(s):  
Ibrahem Almohisen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Wheat Landraces

Almohisen A. Ibrahem (2020). Genetic variability and population structure of Saudi Arabia bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by microsatellite markers- Genetika, Vol 52, No.3, 943-956. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in local landraces would improve the wheat breeding program by more efficient use of genetic materials and management of genetic variation. To address this challenge, a set of thirteen Saudi Arabia wheat landraces was used to assess population structure and genetic diversity. Thirteen landraces were genotyped using eighteen microsatellite markers which revealed a clear polymorphism among these genotypes. In total, 136 alleles from a set of eighteen simple sequence repeats (SSRs) loci on a panel of thirteen wheat landraces were detected. All SSRs loci showed a wide range of allele numbers extended from 3 to 11 alleles with an average of 7.5. Genetic diversity, polymorphism information content and minor allele frequency ranged from 0.26 to 0.50, 0.23 to 0.37 and 0.15 to 0.46 with an average 0.43, 0.33 and 0.34, respectively. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) agreed with the structure analysis. Structure grouped the thirteen landraces into three clear subpopulations. The fixation index (Fst), a measure of population substructure, was 0.217, 0.432 and 0.541 for G2, G1, and G3, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance recognized 35% variance among and 65% within populations. The present study showed a high genetic diversity between landraces which can be exploited to produce new bread wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of ukrainian wheat landraces Triticum aestivum L. at gliadin-coding loci

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
T. O. Sobko ◽  
G. M. Lisova ◽  
L. V. Sirant
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dough Quality ◽  
Gliadin Alleles ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
High Level

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate genetic variability of gliadin-coding loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1 in Ukrainian winter common wheat landraces and obsolete varieties. Methods. APAG electrophoresis of gliadin was used to identify genotypes at Gli-1 loci. Results. Diversity at the Gli-1 loci of 41 winter common wheat landraces, including local varieties Krymka, Banatka, Girka, Theyka, and 13 obsolete winter common wheat varieties, were studied. A total 31 gliadin alleles (including new 7 alleles) were revealed. There are 11 alleles at the Gli-A1 loci, 14 - at the Gli-B1, 6 -at the Gli-D1. Differences in frequencies of gliadin alleles were established. Conclusions. The high level of allelic variation at the Gli-1 loci was observed in Ukrainian winter common wheat landraces. Predominant alleles were revealed: Gli-A1m (46,8 %), Gli-A1d (21 %), Gli-B1b (47,1 %), Gli-D1g (45,8 %), Gli-D1a (33,3 %), Gli-D1j (13,9 %). In genotype of modern Ukrainian winter common wheat are present only 3 of them - Gli-B1b, Gli-D1g, Gli-D1j, which positively relate to dough quality. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., winter wheat, landraces, gliadin , alleles , polymorphism

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