Role of upper cervical inspiratory neurons studied by cross-correlation in the cat

1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Douse ◽  
J. Duffin ◽  
D. Brooks ◽  
L. Fedorko
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Inspiratory Neurons ◽  
Upper Cervical

QUANTIFYING STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN A SINGLE THRESHOLD DETECTOR FOR RANDOM APERIODIC SIGNALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. L247-L265 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARUNEEMA DAS ◽  
N. G. STOCKS ◽  
A. NIKITIN ◽  
E. L. HINES
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Threshold Detector ◽  
Gaussian Form ◽  
Aperiodic Signal

We explore stochastic resonance (SR) effects in a single comparator (threshold detector) driven by either a Gaussian or exponentially distributed aperiodic signal. The behaviour of different performance measures, namely the cross-correlation coefficient (CCC), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mutual information, I, has been investigated. The signals were added to Gaussian noise before being passed through the threshold detector. For the two signals tested, we observe the perhaps surprising result that the SNR never displays SR. However, SR is displayed by both the CCC and I for Gaussian signals. For exponential signals SR is not displayed by any of the measures. By generating signals whose probability distributions have the generalized Gaussian form Ae-|βx|n it is possible to demonstrate that SR ceases to occur if n<1.7. We conclude that SR is only observable in threshold based systems for certain types of aperiodic signal. Specifically, SR is not expected to occur for signals whose probability density functions have long, slowly decaying, tails. We discuss the implication of these results for the role of SR in biological sensory systems.

Excitatory connections between upper cervical inspiratory neurons and phrenic motoneurons in cats

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakazono ◽  
M. Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Transmission Delays ◽  
Phrenic Motoneurons ◽  
Inspiratory Neurons ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Cervical Segment ◽  
Focal Cooling ◽  
Descending Influences ◽  
Phrenic Motoneuron

This study aimed to determine whether upper cervical inspiratory neurons (UCINs), which are localized in the intermediolateral part of the gray matter of the upper cervical segments, have propriospinal connections to phrenic motoneurons of the ipsilateral lower cervical segment in anesthetized cats. Unit action potentials of UCINs were extracellularly recorded simultaneously with ipsilateral phrenic nerve activity. To eliminate the descending influences from medullary respiratory neurons to phrenic motoneurons, bulbospinal conduction paths were temporarily blocked by focal cooling applied to the ventral caudal medulla at the pyramidal decussation level by means of a cooling thermode (1 mm tip diam). By using a spike-triggered method, during cooling phrenic nerve activities were evoked by UCIN spikes that were elicited by microinjection of L-glutamate for 20 of the 55 (36%) UCIN units examined. The onset latencies of these phrenic motoneuron responses ranged from 1.5 to 7.1 ms (mean 3.6 ms), depending on synaptic transmission delays. These results clearly demonstrate that UCINs have, at least in part, excitatory mono- and paucisynaptic connections with ipsilateral phrenic motoneurons.

Role of upper cervical spine in temporomandibular disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Rodolfo Raya ◽  
Gustavo Plaza-Manzano ◽  
Daniel Pecos-Martín ◽  
Alejandro Ferragut-Garcías ◽  
Patricia Martín-Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Upper Cervical

Role of pre-inspiratory neurons in vestibular and laryngeal reflexes and in swallowing and vomiting

1997 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Toshiro Umezaki ◽  
Ken Nakazawa ◽  
Alan D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Inspiratory Neurons

Subarachnoid hemorrhage following chymopapain chemonucleolysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Cusick ◽  
Khang-Cheng Ho ◽  
Jay F. Schamberg
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequent Finding ◽  
Histological Abnormality ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Cervical Level

✓ Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a frequent finding in patients who have incurred neurological complications following chymopapain chemonucleolysis, but the basis for this occurrence remains controversial. The authors report the clinical and postmortem findings in a 42-year-old man who died 5 days after chemonucleolysis at the L4–5 and L5–S1 disc spaces. The predominant histological abnormality was a severe inflammatory arteritis of a medium-sized artery at the upper cervical level with disruption of the vessel wall. The potential causative role of chymopapain in this situation and the correlation of a vascular basis for many of the complications found after inadvertent intrathecal chymopapain injection are discussed.

scholarly journals Current Correlations in a Quantum Dot Ring: A Role of Quantum Interference

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan R. Bułka ◽  
Jakub Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Quantum Interference Effect ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
Current Correlation ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Opposite Chirality

We present studies of the electron transport and circular currents induced by the bias voltage and the magnetic flux threading a ring of three quantum dots coupled with two electrodes. Quantum interference of electron waves passing through the states with opposite chirality plays a relevant role in transport, where one can observe Fano resonance with destructive interference. The quantum interference effect is quantitatively described by local bond currents and their correlation functions. Fluctuations of the transport current are characterized by the Lesovik formula for the shot noise, which is a composition of the bond current correlation functions. In the presence of circular currents, the cross-correlation of the bond currents can be very large, but it is negative and compensates for the large positive auto-correlation functions.

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