Differential mechanisms of movement between a generative cell and a vegetative nucleus in pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum as revealed by additions of colchicine and nonanoic acid

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Miyake ◽  
Haruko Kuroiwa ◽  
Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Nonanoic Acid

Association of the Generative Cell and Vegetative Nucleus in Pollen Tubes of Rhododendron

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. KAUL ◽  
C. H. THEUNIS ◽  
B. F. PALSER ◽  
R. B. KNOX ◽  
E. G. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus

scholarly journals Localization of actin in pollen tubes of Ornithogalum virens L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stępka ◽  
Fabricio Ciampolini ◽  
Mauro Cresti ◽  
Maria Charzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Ornithogalum Virens

The germinating pollen grain (in vivo on the stigma or in vitro in germination medium) forms a pollen tube which transports the vegetative nucleus and generative cell/two sperm cells participating in the process of double fertilization. The growth of the tube and the transport of organelles and the cells occur due to two major motor systems existing in the pollen tubes of higher plants: the tubuline-dynein/kinesin and the actin-myosin system. In pollen tubes of <em>Ornithogalum virens</em> the actin filaments were labelled with TRITC-phalloidin (2 µg/ml) in the PIPES buffer and the 10% sucrose, without the fixative and DMSO. Omission of the fixative and permeabilizing agent (DMSO) allowed better preservation of the structure, and the "fluorescence" of actin was observed in living pollen tubes. Observations in CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscope) showed that actin is distributed in the vicinity of the cell membrane. This could support the view that actin filaments and the plasmalemma form the pollen tube cortex along which the cytoplasmic movement of organelles, and cell transport occurs.

Identification and localization of three classes of myosins in pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum and Nicotiana alata

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 2549-2563
Author(s):  
D.D. Miller ◽  
S.P. Scordilis ◽  
P.K. Hepler
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Nicotiana Alata ◽  
Myosin V ◽  
Myosin I

The presence and localization of actin and myosin have been examined in pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum and Nicotiana alata. Immunoblot analysis of pollen tube extracts with antibodies to actin, myosins IA and IB, myosin II, and myosin V reveals the presence of these contractile proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy using various methods to preserve the pollen tubes; chemical fixation, rapid freeze fixation and freeze substitution (RF-FS) followed by rehydration or by embeddment in a methacrylate mixture, was performed to optimize preservation. Immunocytochemistry reaffirmed that actin is localized longitudinally in the active streaming lanes and near the cortical surface of the pollen tube. Myosin I was localized to the plasma membrane, larger organelles, the surface of the generative cell and the vegetative nucleus, whereas, myosin V was found in the vegetative cytoplasm in a punctate fashion representing smaller organelles. Myosin II subfragment 1 and light meromyosin were localized in a punctate fashion on the larger organelles throughout the vegetative cytoplasm. In addition, isolated generative cells and vegetative nuclei labeled only with the myosin I antibody. Competition studies indicated the specificity of the heterologous antibodies utilized in this study suggesting the presence of three classes of myosins in pollen. These results lead to the following hypothesis: Myosin I may move the generative cell and vegetative nucleus unidirectionally through the pollen tube to the tip, while myosin V moves the smaller organelles and myosins I and II move the larger organelles (bidirectionally) that are involved in growth.

scholarly journals Persistent directional growth capability in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes after nuclear elimination from the apex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Motomura ◽  
Hidenori Takeuchi ◽  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Haruna Tsuchi ◽  
Atsushi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Directional Growth

AbstractDuring the double fertilization process, pollen tubes deliver two sperm cells to an ovule containing the female gametes. In the pollen tube, the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells move together to the apical region where the vegetative nucleus is thought to play a crucial role in controlling the direction and growth of the pollen tube. Here, we report the generation of pollen tubes in Arabidopsis thaliana whose vegetative nucleus and sperm cells are isolated and sealed by callose plugs in the basal region due to apical transport defects induced by mutations in the WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WITs) and sperm cell-specific expression of a dominant mutant of the CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 protein. Through pollen-tube guidance assays, we show that the physiologically anuclear mutant pollen tubes maintain the ability to grow and enter ovules. Our findings provide insight into the sperm cell delivery mechanism and illustrate the independence of the tip-localized vegetative nucleus from directional growth control of the pollen tube.

scholarly journals Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Early Invasion and Its Effects on Apricot Pollen Grain Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Amari ◽  
Lorenzo Burgos ◽  
Vicente Pallas ◽  
María Amelia Sanchez-Pina
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus

The route of infection and the pattern of distribution of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in apricot pollen were studied. PNRSV was detected both within and on the surface of infected pollen grains. The virus invaded pollen during its early developmental stages, being detected in pollen mother cells. It was distributed uniformly within the cytoplasm of uni- and bicellular pollen grains and infected the generative cell. In mature pollen grains, characterized by their triangular shape, the virus was located mainly at the apertures, suggesting that PNRSV distribution follows the same pattern as the cellular components required for pollen tube germination and cell wall tube synthesis. PNRSV also was localized inside pollen tubes, especially in the growth zone. In vitro experiments demonstrated that infection with PNRSV decreases the germination percentage of pollen grains by more than half and delays the growth of pollen tubes by ≈24 h. However, although PNRSV infection affected apricot pollen grain performance during germination, the presence of the virus did not completely prevent fertilization, because the infected apricot pollen tubes, once germinated, were able to reach the apricot embryo sacs, which, in the climatic conditions of southeastern Spain, mature later than in other climates. Thus, infected pollen still could play an important role in the vertical transmission of PNRSV in apricot.

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