Neuronal responses related to the novelty and familiarity of visual stimuli in the substantia innominata, diagonal band of Broca and periventricular region of the primate basal forebrain

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A.W. Wilson ◽  
E.T. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Substantia Innominata ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca

scholarly journals A lateral hypothalamus to basal forebrain neurocircuit promotes feeding by suppressing responses to anxiogenic environmental cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaav1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Cassidy ◽  
Yungang Lu ◽  
Madhavi Jere ◽  
Jin-Bin Tian ◽  
Yuanzhong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
External Signals

Animals must consider competing information before deciding to eat: internal signals indicating the desirability of food and external signals indicating the risk involved in eating within a particular environment. The behaviors driven by the former are manifestations of hunger, and the latter, anxiety. The connection between pathologic anxiety and reduced eating in conditions like typical depression and anorexia is well known. Conversely, anti-anxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines increase appetite. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the diagonal band of Broca (DBBGABA) are responsive to indications of risk and receive monosynaptic inhibitory input from lateral hypothalamus GABAergic neurons (LHGABA). Activation of this circuit reduces anxiety and causes indiscriminate feeding. We also found that diazepam rapidly reduces DBBGABA activity while inducing indiscriminate feeding. Our study reveals that the LHGABA→DBBGABA neurocircuit overrides anxiogenic environmental cues to allow feeding and that this pathway may underlie the link between eating and anxiety-related disorders.

Identification of barosensitive neurons in the mediobasal forebrain using juxtacellular labeling

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. R1766-R1771
Author(s):  
Gilbert J. Kirouac ◽  
Quentin J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Dendritic Morphology ◽  
Olfactory Tubercle ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
Acute Changes

Previous investigations suggest a possible role in cardiovascular regulation for neurons of the mediobasal forebrain. The present study was designed to determine the location and morphology of basal forebrain neurons that respond to acute changes in arterial blood pressure. Extracellular recordings of single units were done in α-chloralose- or urethan-anesthetized rats. The effect of cardiovascular pressor (phenylephrine, 1–2 μg/kg iv) and depressor (sodium nitroprusside, 0.5–1 μg/kg iv) events on the discharge rates of units was determined. Some of the neurons tested were subsequently filled with biocytin using the juxtacellular method. Brain sections were processed using the avidin-biotin complex reaction to reveal a Golgi-like appearance of the neuron. Of 32 neurons located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (hDB), 13 (41%) were found to be excited by depressor events. Barosensitive biocytin-labeled cells were located in all regions of the hDB and had small- to medium-sized cell bodies with sparse and simple dendritic morphology. Only 2 of 47 neurons tested in the region of the olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja (IC), and ventral pallidum responded to changes in arterial blood pressure. The results of the present investigation suggest a role in the regulation of cardiovascular function for neurons of the hDB. The findings also suggest that most neurons in the olfactory tubercle, including the IC complex, do not respond to acute changes in arterial blood pressure.

scholarly journals The diagonal band of broca continually regulates olfactory-mediated behaviors by modulating odor-evoked responses within the olfactory bulb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Schwarz ◽  
Monika Müller ◽  
Irina Pavlova ◽  
Jens Schweihoff ◽  
Fabrizio Musacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
Interneuron Activity

AbstractSensory perception is modulated in a top-down fashion by higher brain regions to regulate the strength of its own input resulting in the adaptation of behavioral responses. In olfactory perception, the horizontal diagonal band of broca (HDB), embedded in the basal forebrain modulates olfactory information processing by recruiting olfactory bulb (OB) interneuron activity to shape excitatory OB output. Currently, little is known about how specific HDB to OB top down signaling affects complex olfactory-mediated behaviors. Here we show that the olfactory bulb is strongly and differentially innervated by HDB projections. HDB-silencing via tetanus toxin lead to reduced odor-evoked Ca2+-responses in glomeruli of the main OB, underscoring the HDB’s role in odor response modulation. Furthermore, selective, light-mediated silencing of only HDB to OB afferents completely prevented olfactory-mediated habituation and discrimination behaviors. Notably, also social habituation and discrimination behaviors were affected. Here we provide evidence for a novel tri-synaptic paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-HDB-OB axis responsible for modulating these types of behavior. Thus, HDB to OB projections constitute a central top-down pathway for olfactory-mediated habituation and discrimination.

scholarly journals A functional topography within the cholinergic basal forebrain for processing sensory cues associated with reward and punishment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Robert ◽  
Eyal Y. Kimchi ◽  
Yurika Watanabe ◽  
Tatenda Chakoma ◽  
Miao Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Substantia Innominata ◽  
Feature Processing ◽  
Functional Topography

AbstractBasal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) project throughout the cortex to regulate arousal, stimulus salience, plasticity, and learning. The basal forebrain features distinct connectivity along its anteroposterior axis that could impart regional differences in feature processing. Here, we simultaneously measured bulk BFCN activity from an anterior structure, the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), and from the posterior tail of the basal forebrain in globus pallidus and substantia innominata (GP/SI) over a 30-day period as mice learned a sensory reversal task. Although HDB and GP/SI responses were similar for many features, HDB more closely tracked fluctuations in pupil-indexed brain state and exhibited stronger responses to reward omission than to delivery of anticipated awards. In GP/SI, BFCNs were strongly activated by sound, and this response was further enhanced for punishment-predicting – but not reward-predicting – cues. These results identify a functional topography that diversifies cholinergic modulatory signals broadcast to downstream brain regions.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Total Number of Cholinergic Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor-α in the Rat Basal Forebrain

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta A. Miettinen ◽  
Giedrius Kalesnykas ◽  
Esa H. Koivisto
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Double Immunostaining ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca

This study was undertaken to estimate the total number of cholinergic cells and the percentage of cholinergic cells that contain estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in the rat basal forebrain. Double immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and ERα was carried out on 50-μm-thick free-floating sections. Because routine mounting method causes considerable flattening of the sections, we embedded immunostained sections in Durcupan, an epoxy resin known to cause virtually no shrinkage. When this procedure was used the section thickness was well preserved, individual cells could be clearly identified, and subcellular localization of ERα immunoreactivity was easy to verify. Cell counting in these sections revealed that the rat basal forebrain contains 26,390 ± 1097 (mean ± SEM) cholinergic neurons. This comprises 9674 ± 504 in the medial septum-vertical diagonal band of Broca, 9403 ± 484 in the horizontal diagonal band of Broca, and 7312 ± 281 in the nucleus basalis. In these nuclei, 60%, 46%, and 14% of the cholinergic neurons were colocalized with ERα, respectively. We believe that our results are an improvement on existing data because of the better distinction of individual neurons that the Durcupan embedding method brings.

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