Use of recombinant substitution lines in the construction of RFLP-based genetic maps of chromosomes 6A and 6B of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
M. Devey ◽  
N. A. Tuleen ◽  
G. E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Substitution Lines

Molecular characterization and chromosome-specific TRAP-marker development for Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
D.L. Klindworth ◽  
F. Shireen ◽  
X. Cai ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trap Marker

The aneuploid stocks of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) and common wheat ( T. aestivum L.) have been developed mainly in ‘Langdon’ (LDN) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) cultivars, respectively. The LDN-CS D-genome chromosome disomic substitution (LDN-DS) lines, where a pair of CS D-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome pair of LDN, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. The LDN-DS lines were originally developed by crossing CS nulli-tetrasomics with LDN, followed by 6 backcrosses with LDN. They have subsequently been improved with 5 additional backcrosses with LDN. The objectives of this study were to characterize a set of the 14 most recent LDN-DS lines and to develop chromosome-specific markers, using the newly developed TRAP (target region amplification polymorphism)-marker technique. A total of 307 polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified from LDN and CS, and 302 of them were assigned to individual chromosomes. Most of the markers (95.5%) were present on a single chromosome as chromosome-specific markers, but 4.5% of the markers mapped to 2 or more chromosomes. The number of markers per chromosome varied, from a low of 10 (chromosomes 1A and 6D) to a high of 24 (chromosome 3A). There was an average of 16.6, 16.6, and 15.9 markers per chromosome assigned to the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes, respectively, suggesting that TRAP markers were detected at a nearly equal frequency on the 3 genomes. A comparison of the source of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs), used to derive the fixed primers, with the chromosomal location of markers revealed that 15.5% of the TRAP markers were located on the same chromosomes as the ESTs used to generate the fixed primers. A fixed primer designed from an EST mapped on a chromosome or a homoeologous group amplified at least 1 fragment specific to that chromosome or group, suggesting that the fixed primers might generate markers from target regions. TRAP-marker analysis verified the retention of at least 13 pairs of A- or B-genome chromosomes from LDN and 1 pair of D-genome chromosomes from CS in each of the LDN-DS lines. The chromosome-specific markers developed in this study provide an identity for each of the chromosomes, and they will facilitate molecular and genetic characterization of the individual chromosomes, including genetic mapping and gene identification.

Langdon durum disomic substitution lines and aneuploid analysis in tetraploid wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Joppa ◽  
N. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chromosome Transmission ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Aneuploid Analysis

A complete set of disomic substitution lines have been developed in the tetraploid wheat cultivar Langdon (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). These aneuploid lines each have a pair of durum wheat homoeologues replaced by a pair of D-genome chromosomes transferred from 'Chinese Spring' hexaploid wheat. They can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes, to transfer chromosomes from one cultivar or line of tetraploid wheat to another, to study the cytogenetics of tetraploid wheat, to determine gene linkages, and to identify chromosomes involved in translocations. Their phenotypic characteristics, their cytogenetic behavior, and suggested methods for their use are described.Key words: cytogenetics, monosomic, chromosome transmission, telosomic, chromosome substitution.

Chromosomal location of genes for supernumerary spikelet in tetraploid wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Klindworth ◽  
N. D. Williams ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
A Minor

The supernumerary spikelet (SS) trait of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), including the ramified and four-rowed spike traits, is characterized by an increased number of spikelets per spike. Chromosomal location of the SS gene(s) was determined by crossing the ramified spike line PI349056 to the set of 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines. Double monosomic F1 plants were backcrossed to PI349056 and the testcross F1 plants were classified for chromosome pairing and spike type. Segregation for spike type was observed in the testcross F2. Data indicated that the major SS gene was located on chromosome 2A. Subsequent crosses with the 'Langdon' 2A telosomics indicated that the major SS gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 2A. Segregation of the testcross F2 indicated that a minor SS gene was located on chromosome 2B. Results also indicated that inhibitors of SS may be located on the D-genome chromosomes and an additional experiment was designed to test this hypothesis. Eight D-genome monosomic addition lines were developed by backcrossing PI349056 from one to three times to plants containing D-genome univalents. The test populations contained two cytological types of plants, disomics having 14 pairs of durum chromosomes and D-genome monosomic additions having 14 pairs of durum chromosomes plus a D-genome monosome. Comparison of these two types of plants indicated that chromosome 2D (from 'Chinese Spring' wheat) had a strong inhibitor of SS expression.Key words: Triticum, branched spike, ramified spike, four-rowed spike, cytogenetics.

scholarly journals Function and evolution of allelic variation of Sr13 conferring resistance to stem rust in tetraploid wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljeet K. Gill ◽  
Daryl L. Klindworth ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Jinglun Zhang ◽  
Qijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat

scholarly journals The Independent Domestication of Timopheev’s Wheat: Insights from Haplotype Analysis of the Brittle rachis 1 (BTR1-A) Gene

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Moran Nave ◽  
Mihriban Taş ◽  
John Raupp ◽  
Vijay K. Tiwari ◽  
Hakan Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Brittle Rachis ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Large Panel

Triticum turgidum and T. timopheevii are two tetraploid wheat species sharing T. urartu as a common ancestor, and domesticated accessions from both of these allopolyploids exhibit nonbrittle rachis (i.e., nonshattering spikes). We previously described the loss-of-function mutations in the Brittle Rachis 1 genes BTR1-A and BTR1-B in the A and B subgenomes, respectively, that are responsible for this most visible domestication trait in T. turgidum. Resequencing of a large panel of wild and domesticated T. turgidum accessions subsequently led to the identification of the two progenitor haplotypes of the btr1-A and btr1-B domesticated alleles. Here, we extended the haplotype analysis to other T. turgidum subspecies and to the BTR1 homologues in the related T. timopheevii species. Our results showed that all the domesticated wheat subspecies within T. turgidum share common BTR1-A and BTR1-B haplotypes, confirming their common origin. In T. timopheevii, however, we identified a novel loss-of-function btr1-A allele underlying a partially brittle spike phenotype. This novel recessive allele appeared fixed within the pool of domesticated Timopheev’s wheat but was also carried by one wild timopheevii accession exhibiting partial brittleness. The promoter region for BTR1-B could not be amplified in any T. timopheevii accessions with any T. turgidum primer combination, exemplifying the gene-level distance between the two species. Altogether, our results support the concept of independent domestication processes for the two polyploid, wheat-related species.

scholarly journals Identification and Molecular Mapping of a Gene Conferring Resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Race 3 in Tetraploid Wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Singh ◽  
J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
M. Mergoum ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
T. B. Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
The Cross

Race 3 of the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot, induces differential symptoms in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, causing necrosis and chlorosis, respectively. This study was conducted to examine the genetic control of resistance to necrosis induced by P. tritici-repentis race 3 and to map resistance genes identified in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum). A mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between the resistant genotype T. tur-gidum no. 283 (PI 352519) and the susceptible durum cv. Coulter. Based on the reactions of the Langdon-T. dicoccoides (LDN[DIC]) disomic substitution lines, chromosomal location of the resistance genes was determined and further molecular mapping of the resistance genes for race 3 was conducted in 80 RILs of the cross T. turgidum no. 283/Coulter. Plants were inoculated at the two-leaf stage and disease reaction was assessed 8 days after inoculation based on lesion type. Disease reaction of the LDN(DIC) lines and molecular mapping on the T. turgidum no. 283/Coulter population indicated that the gene, designated tsn2, conditioning resistance to race 3 is located on the long arm of chromosome 3B. Genetic analysis of the F2 generation and of the F4:5 and F6:7 families indicated that a single recessive gene controlled resistance to necrosis induced by race 3 in the cross studied.

The inheritance and chromosomal location of a gene for chocolate chaff in durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Konzak ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome

The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar 'Vic' was treated with the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N′-nitrosourea and among the M2 progeny a mutant with "chocolate chaff" (designated cc) was identified. Genetic analyses indicated that chocolate chaff is due to a single recessive gene mutation. The penetrance of the gene for chocolate chaff was environmentally influenced and varied from dark blotches on the glumes to complete coloration of culms as well as spikes. To determine the chromosomal location of the gene, the mutant was crossed with a set of 'Langdon' durum disomic substitution lines in which each of the 14 A- and B-genome chromosomes of durum wheat were replaced by their respective D-genome homoeologues. The segregation of cc was normal in all of the crosses except for those with the 7D(7A) and 7D(7B) lines. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 7B, and that chromosome 7D has a gene that prevents the expression of cc when present in one or more copies. It was shown that the 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes in tetraploid wheat.Key words: Triticum turgidum, aneuploid, chromosome substitution, monosomic, cytogenetics.

Development and characterization of Triticum turgidum – Aegilops comosa and T. turgidum – Ae. markgrafii amphidiploids

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zuo ◽  
Qin Xiang ◽  
Shoufen Dai ◽  
Zhongping Song ◽  
Tingyu Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Comosa ◽  
Direct Hybridization

Aegilops comosa and Ae. markgrafii are diploid progenitors of polyploidy species of Aegilops sharing M and C genomes, respectively. Transferring valuable genes/traits from Aegilops into wheat is an alternative strategy for wheat genetic improvement. The amphidiploids between diploid species of Aegilops and tetraploid wheat can act as bridges to overcome obstacles from direct hybridization and can be developed by the union of unreduced gametes. In this study, we developed seven Triticum turgidum – Ae. comosa and two T. turgidum – Ae. markgrafii amphidiploids. The unreduced gametes mechanisms, including first-division restitution (FDR) and single-division meiosis (SDM), were observed in triploid F1 hybrids of T. turgidum – Ae. comosa (STM) and T. turgidum – Ae. markgrafii (STC). Only FDR was observed in STC hybrids, whereas FDR or both FDR and SDM were detected in the STM hybrids. All seven pairs of M chromosomes of Ae. comosa and C chromosomes of Ae. markgrafii were distinguished by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes pSc119.2 and pTa71 combinations with pTa-535 and (CTT)12/(ACT)7, respectively. Meanwhile, the chromosomes of tetraploid wheat and diploid Aegilops parents were distinguished by the same FISH probes. The amphidiploids possessed specific valuable traits such as multiple tillers, large seed size related traits, and stripe rust resistance that could be utilized in the genetic improvement of wheat.

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