Tobacco nuclear DNA contains long tracts of homology to chloroplast DNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 85-85 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ayliffe ◽  
J. N. Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna

scholarly journals Contribution to Globularia phylogeny based on nuclear ribosomal spacer and two chloroplast DNA regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kroata Hazler Pilepić ◽  
Maja Friščić ◽  
Ahmet Duran ◽  
Semir Maslo ◽  
Rade Garić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Regions

Background and Purpose: Molecular approach has a major impact on phylogenetic studies of plants, considering that it gives useful information about evolutionary events and relations on all taxonomic levels. The sequence data of the nuclear ITS and of two chloroplast regions, trnL-trnF spacer and rbcL gene, obtained from thirteen Globularia L. taxa, including five Anatolian endemics, representing six sections altogether, were analyzed in order to determine the relations between the European and the Anatolian species and get a better insight into the phylogeny of several closely related Globularia taxa.  Materials and Methods: Total cellular DNA was extracted from fresh or frozen leaf tissue of thirteen Globularia samples. The ITS regions of nuclear DNA and two chloroplast DNA regions were amplified and sequenced. Obtained nuclear and combined plastid data matrices were subjected to Maximum Parsimony analyses. Results and Conclusions: Molecular data that were obtained in this study indicate the existence of separate centers of diversification for the European and the Anatolian Globularia. The results provide support for relationships among the studied Anatolian endemic species and indications for a redefinition of affinities of some of the European species. The results presented herein are discussed along with available morphological, karyological, phytogeographical and molecular data. Keywords: Globularia, ITS, trnL-trnF, rbcL, Maximum Parsimony, Quaternary

Chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid Isolation: purity achieved without nuclease digestion

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsy R. Rhodes ◽  
S. D. Kung
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Nuclease Digestion ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Digestion Step

Chloroplasts, obtained from plant tissues homogenized in liquid nitrogen, were freed of nuclei on silica sol gradients. Buoyant density analysis of denatured–renatured DNA and the clarity of restriction fragment patterns demonstrate the purity of these preparations. In this manner, chloroplast DNA free of substantial nuclear DNA contamination was obtained from several plant species without the use of a deoxyribonuclease digestion step.

Changes in DNA synthesis during cell growth and chloroplast replication in greening spinach leaf disks

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Rose ◽  
D.G. Cran ◽  
J.V. Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
General Relation ◽  
Chloroplast Division ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Chloroplast Replication ◽  
Spinach Leaf ◽  
Leaf Disks

Spinach leaf disks grown initially in the dark, show increased cell expansion and chloroplast replication when transferred to the light. These changes are accompanied by increases in the total amount of DNA and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR). Autoradiography of EDTA-separated cells dried on to glass slides was used to follow changes in 3H-TdR incorporation in both chloroplasts and nuclei. Specificity of incorporation was confirmed by nuclease studies. DNA synthesis occurs in both the chloroplasts and nuclei, and is highest just prior to, and during the period of most rapid cell growth and chloroplast replication which occurs shortly after the transfer to the light. Light, however, appears to have a greater and more immediate effect on nuclear DNA synthesis. Though nuclear and chloroplast DNA syntheses follow similar patterns during disk growth, in a given cell, chloroplast DNA synthesis can be separate in time from nuclear DNA synthesis. The increased nuclear DNA synthesis is possibly required to support the increased population of chloroplasts, while chloroplast DNA synthesis is associated with chloroplast division. If the disks are not transferred to the light but kept in darkness, chloroplast 3H-TdR incorporation remains high, though chloroplast division is reduced. Epidermal cells in light-grown tissue also show 3H-TdR incorporation but low rates of chloroplast division. It would appear that chloroplast DNA synthesis in mesophyll cells from light-grown tissue shows a general relation to chloroplast division, but there does not appear to be an obligatory close coupling between the 2 processes.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Studies on Prunus Species by DNA Fingerprints

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 762G-763
Author(s):  
Masao Yoshida ◽  
T. Shimada ◽  
M. Yanaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Template Dna

Twenty-eight Prunus species were examined in order to survey their genetic diversity. Genomic DNA was extracted from 36 varieties and used for the template DNA of PCR. DNA fingerprints were generated by random primers or semi-random primers, some primers consensus to the repeated units as telomers, and three sets of sequence-tagged primers specific to domains of chloroplast DNA (psbA, rbcL-ORF106, atpB-rbcL). PCR products generated from these three domains were digested by 12 restriction enzymes. RFLPs were detected among varieties and subjected to the UPGMA. Thirty-six varieties were classified approximately into two groups: “Plum group” and “Cherry group.” It was inferred that these two groups were divided in old time. P. tomentosa, P. japonica, P. glandurosa, and P. besseyi, which are classified into the cherries, showed the same fingerprint patterns from chloroplast DNA of the plum group; plums and cherries have a large genetic diversity. It was supposed that the diversity of plums depended on nuclear DNA, besides the diversity of cherries on both nuclear and chloroplast DNA.

Nucleic acid comparisons as a tool in understanding species interrelationships and phylogeny

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Diana B. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Dna Hybridisation

SynopsisStudies comparing nucleic acids of some pteridophytes with others or with angiosperms are briefly reviewed. Amongst the pteridophytes, the fern genus Osmunda has been most thoroughly investigated by DNA sequence comparisons. O. cinnamomea, O. claytoniana, and O. regalis have equally diverged DNA sequences suggesting that evolutionary lines leading to these three species separated at about the same time; taxonomic placements that link any two of the three species closely together are, therefore, inappropriate. DNAs of the hybrid fern, O. × ruggii, were examined by analysis of restriction fragments of chloroplast DNA and by nuclear DNA hybridisation. The results support the previously proposed parentage.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships in the genus Gentiana based on chloroplast DNA sequence data and nuclear DNA content

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei-ichiro Mishiba ◽  
Kyoko Yamane ◽  
Takashi Nakatsuka ◽  
Yuki Nakano ◽  
Saburo Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Taxonomic status of three controversial species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) from Korea based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 415 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
HYE WOO SHIN ◽  
CHANG SHOOK LEE ◽  
SUN A CHOI ◽  
SANG MI EUM ◽  
NAM SOOK LEE
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Independent Species

The taxonomic status of three of the seven Cephalanthera species in Korea is controversial: C. erecta var. oblanceolata, C. subaphylla, and C. shizuoi. To clarify their taxonomic status, we used molecular data of ITS of nuclear DNA, and three regions of chloroplast DNA (matK, rpl16 and trnL-F), in addition to morphological characters. We analyzed 82 accessions collected from 26 sites including the other four taxa: C. erecta, C. falcata, C. longibractea, and C. longifolia. The analysis of ITS, matK, rpl16 and trnL-F data showed that Cephalanthera erecta var. oblanceolata should be treated as a synonym of C. erecta. Molecular data supported that C. subaphylla is an independent species rather than a variety or forma of C. erecta. Cephalanthera shizuoi was currently treated as a synonym of C. erecta or C. longifolia based on morphology and the molecular data supported that C. shizuoi should not be recognized as distinct species; but C. shizuoi should be a synonym of C. longifolia, not a synonym of C. erecta.

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