Secondary sensory cells in the gravity receptor system of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris

1977 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd-Ulrich Budelmann ◽  
Gesa Thies
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Gravity Receptor

The angular acceleration receptor system of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris : morphometry, ultrastructure, and neuronal and synaptic organization

1987 ◽  
Vol 315 (1174) ◽  
pp. 305-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Organization ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
First Order ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Primary Sensory Cells

The angular acceleration receptor system (crista/cupula system) of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris has been thoroughly reinvestigated, and detailed information is presented regarding its morphometry, ultrastructure, and neuronal and synaptic organization. In each of the nine crista sections, some receptor hair cells are primary sensory cells with an axon extending from their base. Also, there are large and small secondary sensory hair cells without axons, which make afferent synapses with large and small first-order afferent neurons. The afferent synapses are of two morphologically distinct types, having either a finger-like or a flat postsynaptic process; both can be seen in the same hair cell. In addition to the afferents, there is a dense plexus of efferent fibres in each crista section, and efferent synapses can be seen at the level of the hair cells and of the neurons. The morphometric analysis of the nine crista sections shows obvious differences between the odd-numbered (C1, C3, C5, C7, C9) and the even-numbered (C2, C4, C6, C8) crista sections: they differ in length, in the number of the small primary sensory cells and in the number of the small first-order afferent neurons. Centrifugal cobalt filling of the three crista nerves revealed a disproportionate innervation of the nine crista sections: the anterior crista nerve innervates section C1 and the first half of section C2, the medial crista nerve innervates the second half of section C2, sections C3, C4, C5, and the first half of section C6, and the posterior crista nerve innervates the second half of section C6, and sections C7, C8 and C9. In each of the three crista nerves, only 25% of the total number of axons are afferent fibres, the remaining 75 % are efferent. To each of the nine crista sections a cupula is attached. In the form and size of the cupulae there is again a conspicuous difference between the odd and the even crista sections: a small widebased cupula is attached to each of the odd crista sections, whereas the even crista sections each have a large narrow-based cupula with a small area of attachment. The results are discussed with reference to their functional consequences.

Function of the Gravity Receptor of Octopus vulgaris

Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 226 (5248) ◽  
pp. 864-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMANN SCHÖNE ◽  
BERND-ULRICH BUDELMANN
Keyword(s):  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Gravity Receptor

A Study on the Fine Structure of the Lateral Line Organ of the Sea Eel

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
K. Hama
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Transmission Electron

The lateral line organs of the sea eel consist of canal and pit organs which are different in function. The former is a low frequency vibration detector whereas the latter functions as an ion receptor as well as a mechano receptor.The fine structure of the sensory epithelia of both organs were studied by means of ordinary transmission electron microscope, high voltage electron microscope and of surface scanning electron microscope.The sensory cells of the canal organ are polarized in front-caudal direction and those of the pit organ are polarized in dorso-ventral direction. The sensory epithelia of both organs have thinner surface coats compared to the surrounding ordinary epithelial cells, which have very thick fuzzy coatings on the apical surface.

Fluorocitrate Neural Dystrophy of the Guinea Pig Cochlea

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
G.J. Spector ◽  
C.D. Carr ◽  
I. Kaufman Arenberg ◽  
R.H. Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Neural Degeneration ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cochlear Neurons

All studies on primary neural degeneration in the cochlea have evaluated the end stages of degeneration or the indiscriminate destruction of both sensory cells and cochlear neurons. We have developed a model which selectively simulates the dystrophic changes denoting cochlear neural degeneration while sparing the cochlear hair cells. Such a model can be used to define more precisely the mechanism of presbycusis or the hearing loss in aging man.Twenty-two pigmented guinea pigs (200-250 gm) were perfused by the perilymphatic route as live preparations using fluorocitrate in various concentrations (15-250 ug/cc) and at different incubation times (5-150 minutes). The barium salt of DL fluorocitrate, (C6H4O7F)2Ba3, was reacted with 1.0N sulfuric acid to precipitate the barium as a sulfate. The perfusion medium was prepared, just prior to use, as follows: sodium phosphate buffer 0.2M, pH 7.4 = 9cc; fluorocitrate = 15-200 mg/cc; and sucrose = 0.2M.

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