Inheritance and mechanism of resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase in Sonchus oleraceus L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boutsalis ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

scholarly journals Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) biotypes resistant to acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors in Poland  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Adamczewski ◽  
R. Kierzek ◽  
K. Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
And Control

The aim of the study was to collect seeds of wild oat from the fields where, in spite of the applied herbicides, the weed is very poorly controlled, and to determine under greenhouse conditions if any resistant biotypes are present. In the years 2008–2011, 34 samples of wild oat were collected from fields where the weed was poorly controlled. The biotypes were analyzed in greenhouse experiments to determine if they are resistant to herbicides. Among five resistant biotypes three of them (R3, R4 and R5) were resistant only to iodosulfuron and mesosulfuron, and biotype R2 – only to propoxycarbazone-sodium. Biotype R1 exhibited multiple resistance to iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron and pinoxaden. The use of sulfometuron proves that the mechanism of resistance of two biotypes of wild oat (R1 and R4) to acetolactate synthase inhibitors is associated with target-site mutation. The curve of biotypes R3 and R5 controlled with iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron shows a relatively low resistance index and control of those biotypes with sulfometuron indicates a metabolic resistance.

scholarly journals INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE INHIBITOR HERBICIDES IN WILD POINSETTIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. BRUSAMARELLO ◽  
P.H. OLIVEIRA ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
E. XAVIER ◽  
E.D. DALOSTO
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
F1 Generation

ABSTRACT Weed resistance to herbicides is a major global problem for agriculture. In recent years, the increased use of herbicides, without proper planning, has led to a large increase in the number of cases of weed biotypes that are resistant to one or more herbicide mechanism of action. Wild poinsettia biotypes (Euphorbia heterophylla), discovered in the State of Paraná, with resistance to herbicides that inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) and acetolactate synthase (ALS), are the first case to exhibit multiple resistance in Brazil. This study analyzed the genetic inheritance of PROTOX inhibiting herbicide resistance in E. heterophylla. Crosses were conducted between biotypes that were susceptible (female parent) and those carrying multiple resistance to ALS and PROTOX inhibitors (male parent) to obtain the F1 generation. Backcrosses were performed (RC1 and RC2) and the F1 generation was advanced to F2. F1, F2, RC1, RC2 generation plants and their parents were subjected to applications of the herbicide fomesafen (250 g i.a. ha-1). The observed frequencies in the F2 generation were not different from the expected frequency of 3:1. All RC2 individuals were resistant, while the RC1 population showed a 1:1 segregation, which would be expected when a single gene controls the trait. Thus, it can be inferred that E. heterophylla resistance to PROTOX-inhibiting herbicides is conditioned by a single and dominant nuclear gene.

Characterization of a waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population from Illinois resistant to herbicides from five site-of-action groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody M. Evans ◽  
Seth A. Strom ◽  
Dean E. Riechers ◽  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Central Illinois ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractExperiments were initiated to characterize a waterhemp population (CHR) discovered in a central Illinois corn field after it was not controlled by the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor topramezone. Field experiments conducted during 2014–2015 indicated that acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-, photosystem II (PSII)-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and the synthetic auxin 2,4-D did not control the CHR population. Laboratory experiments confirmed target site–based resistance mechanisms to ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Herbicide doses required to reduce dry biomass 50% (GR50) were determined in greenhouse dose–response experiments, and indicated 16-fold resistance to the HPPD inhibitor mesotrione, 9.5-fold resistance to the synthetic auxin 2,4-D, and 252-fold resistance to the PSII inhibitor atrazine. Complementary results from field, laboratory, and greenhouse investigations indicate that the CHR population has evolved resistance to herbicides from five sites of action (SOAs): ALS-, PPO-, PSII-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and 2,4-D. Herbicide use history for the field in which CHR was discovered indicates no previous use of 2,4-D.

Physiological Mechanism for Tall Morningglory (Ipomoea Purpurea) Resistance to DPX-PE350

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay L. Sunderland ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
Harold D. Coble ◽  
Eleanor P. Maness
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Site Of Action

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the physiological mechanism of tall morningglory resistance to the experimental cotton herbicide DPX-PE350. Tall morningglory, a resistant species, was compared with entireleaf morningglory, a sensitive species, to evaluate inhibition at the site of action, the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (E.C.4.1.3.18), by DPX-PE350 as well as uptake, translocation, and metabolism of DPX-PE350. No differences were found between species in the concentration required to inhibit the ALS enzyme by 50% (I50), or in uptake and translocation of the herbicide. Tall morningglory metabolized the herbicide more rapidly than did entireleaf morningglory. Tall morningglory contained 3.6 and 1.4 times more metabolites of DPX-PE350 than did entireleaf morningglory 6 and 24 h after treatment, respectively. Tall morningglory produced anO-desmethyl metabolite from the 3,5-dimethoxypyrimidine moiety of DPX PE350 that was not found in entireleaf morningglory. These data suggest that the ability of tall morningglory to more rapidly metabolize DPX-PE350, possibly through the production of the pyrimidinyldesmethyl metabolite, may be the mechanism of resistance to DPX-PE350.

scholarly journals Distribution of Herbicide Resistances and Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Resistance in Missouri Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer) Populations

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Schultz ◽  
Laura A. Chatham ◽  
Chance W. Riggins ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance

A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp was conducted just prior to harvest in 2012 to determine the scope and extent of herbicide resistance and multiple herbicide resistances among a sample of Missouri waterhemp populations. Resistance was confirmed to glyphosate and to acetolactate synthase (ALS), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), photosystem II (PSII), and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, but not to 2,4-D. Of the 187 populations tested, 186 exhibited resistance to chlorimuron. The proportions of populations with atrazine or glyphosate resistance were similar, with 30 and 29% of the populations surviving the 3× rates. Lactofen resistance was observed in 5% of the populations, whereas mesotrione resistance was only found in 1.6% of the populations. All populations tested were susceptible to 2,4-D at the 3× rate. At least 52% of the waterhemp populations tested exhibited resistance to herbicides from two mechanism of action. Resistance to atrazine plus chlorimuron as well as glyphosate plus chlorimuron was present in 29% of the populations. Three-way resistance, primarily comprised of resistance to atrazine plus chlorimuron plus glyphosate, was present in 11% of the populations. Resistance to herbicides from four mechanisms of action was found in 2% of the populations, and one population exhibited resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. DNA analysis of a subsample of plants revealed that previously documented mechanisms of resistance in waterhemp, including the ΔG210 deletion conferring PPO-inhibitor resistance, the Trp574Leu amino acid substitution conferring ALS-inhibitor resistance, and elevated 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase copy number and the Pro106Ser amino acid substitution resulting in glyphosate resistance, explained survival in many, but not all, instances. Atrazine resistance was not explained by the Ser264Gly D1 protein substitution. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that Missouri soybean fields contain waterhemp populations with resistance to glyphosate, ALS-, PPO-, PSII-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, which are some of the most common mechanisms of action currently utilized for the control of this species in corn and soybean production systems. Additionally, these results indicate that slightly more than half of the populations tested exhibit resistance to more than one herbicide mechanisms of action. Managing the current resistance levels in existing populations is of utmost importance. The use of multiple, effective herbicide modes of action, both preemergence and postemergence, and the integration of optimum cultural and mechanical control practices will be vital in the management of Missouri waterhemp populations in the future.

scholarly journals Origin, mechanism and molecular basis of weed resistance to herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chodová ◽  
J. Mikulka ◽  
M. Kočová ◽  
J. Salava
Keyword(s):  
D1 Protein ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Weed Resistance

This review summarises information from the literature and experimental experience of the authors in research on weed resistance to herbicides. Factors conditioning the origin of resistance are described. The origin of resistant weeds to nine active ingredients with a different mode of action is presented chronologically, and the distribution of resistant weeds around the world outlined. The fundamental modes of action: reduction of the target site sensitivity, so-called "target site resistance", and the mode by which a herbicide is metabolised into inactive products, are listed. Function and genetic modifications of target sites of selected herbicides are described. Czech biotypes of resistant weeds with a mutation at codon 264 of the psbA gene encoding the D1 protein and at codon 574 of the acetolactate synthase gene are presented.

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