Unique features of secretory granules observed in the pituitary growth hormone-secreting (GH) cells of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Ishibashi ◽  
Masataka Shiino
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Musk Shrew ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Gh Cells

scholarly journals Experimental modification of rat pituitary growth hormone cell function during and after spaceflight

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Hymer ◽  
R. E. Grindeland ◽  
T. Salada ◽  
P. Nye ◽  
E. J. Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Gh Cells ◽  
Growth Hormone Cell ◽  
And Function

Space-flown rats show a number of flight-induced changes in the structure and function of pituitary growth hormone (GH) cells after in vitro postflight testing (W. C. Hymen, R. E. Grindeland, I. Krasnov, I, Victorov, K. Motter, P. Mukherjee, K. Shellenberger, and M. Vasques. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, Suppl.: 151S-157S, 1992). To evaluate the possible effects of microgravity on growth hormone (GH) cells themselves, freshly dispersed rat anterior pituitary gland cells were seeded into vials containing serum +/- microM hydrocortisone (HC) before flight. Five different cell preparations were used: the entire mixed-cell population of various hormone-producing cell types, cells of density < 1.071 g/cm3 (band 1), cells of density > 1.071 g/cm3 (band 2), and cells prepared from either the dorsal or ventral part of the gland. Relative to ground control samples, bioactive GH released from dense cells during flight was reduced in HC-free medium but was increased in HC-containing medium. Band 1 and mixed cells usually showed opposite HC-dependent responses. Release of bioactive GH from ventral flight cells was lower; postflight responses to GH-releasing hormone challenge were reduced, and the cytoplasmic area occupied by GH in the dense cells was greater. Collectively, the data show that the chemistry and cellular makeup of the culture system modifies the response of GH cells to microgravity. As such, these cells offer a system to identify gravisensing mechanisms in secretory cells in future microgravity research.

Changes in pituitary growth hormone cells prepared from rats flown on Spacelab 3

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R209-R215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grindeland ◽  
W. C. Hymer ◽  
M. Farrington ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
C. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pituitary Cell ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Intracellular Growth ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Gh Cells ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Anterior pituitaries from “small” (250 g) and “large” (400 g) rats flown on the 7-day Spacelab 3 mission were pooled and trypsinized into two single-cell suspensions. Compared with ground-based controls, flight cells appeared to contain more intracellular growth hormone (GH) but release less GH over a 6-day culture period. After implantation into hypophysectomized rats, both sets of flight cells released only 50% of the GH compared with the control cells. Glands from large flight rats contained 44% somatotrophs compared with 37% for controls; small animals showed no difference. There were no striking differences in somatotroph ultrastructure between cells in the four groups. Western blot analysis indicated that there were no major differences in immunoactive GH variants. High-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of culture media indicated that small flight cells released much less of a high-molecular weight variant rich in GH bioactivity. The results suggest that GH cells from rats exposed to microgravity may experience secretory dysfunction. The possibility that this occurs directly at the pituitary cell level is discussed.

scholarly journals Immuno-histomorphometric and -fluorescent characteristics of GH cells after treatment with genistein or daidzein in an animal model of andropause

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ajdžanović ◽  
Ivana Medigović ◽  
Jasmina Živanović ◽  
Branka Šošić-Jurjević ◽  
Svetlana Trifunović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Gh Cells ◽  
Ageing Male

Abstract Somatopause, the complex aspect of andropause, is recognizable by reduced growth hormone - GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis function in the ageing male. Soy isoflavones (usually genistein and daidzein), which are known for their beneficial effects in the treatment of ageing symptoms, are active in the pituitary, as well. The immunohistomorphometric and -fluorescent characteristics of pituitary growth hormone secreting cells, in an animal model of andropause, were examined after a treatment with genistein or daidzein. Andropausal Wistar rats were divided into sham operated, orchidectomized and genistein or daidzein treated orchidectomized groups. Genistein or daidzein (30 mg/kg/day) were administered subcutaneously for three weeks, while sham operated and orchidectomized groups received the vehicle alone. Growth hormone secreting cells were identified by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immuno-histochemical, and immuno-fluorescent procedure. The main characteristic of growth hormone secreting cells in soy isoflavones treated groups is a weaker immuno-histochemical staining and immuno-fluorescent signal compared to sham operated and orchidectomized groups. The growth hormone secreting cell volume in orchidectomized +genistein or +daidzein groups is by 13.8% and 11.9% (p<0.05) smaller respectively, in comparison with the orchidectomized group. In orchidectomized +genistein or +daidzein groups, the growth hormone secreting cells relative volume density is by 62.5% and 61.0% lower (p<0.05) respectively than for the sham operated group, and decreased by 65.4% and 64.0% (p<0.05) respectively, compared to the orchidectomized group. It can be concluded that chronic genistein or daidzein treatment, in an animal model of andropause, attenuates immunohistomorphometric and -fluorescent characteristics of growth hormone secreting cells.

The nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptor in human leukaemic cell lines

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Bernal ◽  
Leif C. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Association Constant ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Leukaemic Cell ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Gh Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. The 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) receptor has been studied in a series of continuously growing human leukaemic cell lines. High concentrations of receptor were found in the erythroblastoid cell line K-562. T3 was bound to the nuclei of these cells with an association constant of 3.4 × 109 m−1, and capacity 104 fmol/100 μg DNA, or 8700 molecules/nucleus. This capacity is comparable to that of rat liver or growth hormone producing cells (GH cells) in culture, and suggests that the K-562 cell line could be a useful model for the study of T3 action on erythroid differentiation.

THE INFLUENCE OF PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE ON THE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF BONE AND KIDNEY

1935 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Wilkins ◽  
J. Alfred Calhoun ◽  
Cobb Pilcher ◽  
Eugene M. Regen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone
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