Behavioral and physiological responses of the terrestrial life stages of the Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, to low soil pH

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Horne ◽  
W.A. Dunson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Ambystoma Jeffersonianum ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Jefferson Salamander

Taxonomic status of male salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex from an Ontario population, with the first record of the Jefferson salamander, A. jeffersonianum (Green), from Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Weller ◽  
W. Gary Sprules
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
First Record ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Ambystoma Jeffersonianum ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Jefferson Salamander

Nine morphological criteria were used to determine the taxonomic status of the male salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex from a population near Streetsville, Toronto Township, Peel County, Ontario: (a) snout–vent length; (b) ratio of tail length to snout–vent length; (c) internarial width; (d) extent of separation or overlap of the toes of adpressed limbs; (e) total length; (f) ratio of tail length to total length; (g) ratio of internarial width to snout–vent length; (h) colouration of dorsal, lateral, and ventral body surfaces; and, (i) extent and distribution of the bluish spotting. The results indicate that all of these males resemble A. jeffersonianum or A. platineum rather than A. latérale. Since A. platineum males occur very rarely in nature, these Streetsville individuals are logically assigned to A. jeffersonianum. This represents the first record of this species from Canada. Based upon this new distributional datum of A. jeffersonianum and of the two Diploid species from the literature, we suggest that these triploid species may have originated in post-Wisconsin times and subsequently dispersed northward.

Identifying potential gaps in pesticide risk assessment: Terrestrial life stages of freshwater insects

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jes Jessen Rasmussen ◽  
Peter Wiberg-Larsen ◽  
Annette Baattrup-Pedersen ◽  
Marianne Bruus ◽  
Beate Strandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Pesticide Risk Assessment ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Freshwater Insects

scholarly journals Up and away: ontogenic transference as a pathway for aerial dispersal of microplastics

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 20180479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Jaibachi ◽  
Ross N. Cuthbert ◽  
Amanda Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Aerial Dispersal ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Feeding Larva

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. With so many MPs in aquatic systems, it is inevitable that they will be ingested by aquatic organisms and be transferred up through the food chain. However, to date, no study has considered whether MPs can be transmitted by means of ontogenic transference, i.e. between life stages that use different habitats. Here, we determine whether fluorescent polystyrene beads could transfer between Culex mosquito life stages and, particularly, could move into the flying adult stage. We show for the first time that MPs can be transferred ontogenically from a feeding (larva) into a non-feeding (pupa) life stage and subsequently into the adult terrestrial life stage. However, transference is dependent on particle size, with smaller 2 µm MPs transferring readily into pupae and adult stages, while 15 µm MPs transferred at a significantly reduced rate. MPs appear to accumulate in the Malpighian tubule renal excretion system. The transfer of MPs to the adults represents a potential aerial pathway to contamination of new environments. Thus, any organism that feeds on terrestrial life phases of freshwater insects could be impacted by MPs found in aquatic ecosystems.

Post-emergence survival and dispersal of juvenile Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) and their unisexual dependents

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Van Drunen ◽  
Jessica E. Linton ◽  
James P. Bogart ◽  
D. Ryan Norris
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Viability Assessment ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Ambystoma Jeffersonianum ◽  
Ambystoma Laterale ◽  
Jefferson Salamander

Abstract Understanding population demography and dispersal of species at risk is integral for evaluating population viability, identifying causes of decline, and assessing the effectiveness of recovery actions. In pond-breeding amphibians, juvenile survival and dispersal are key components linked to population and metapopulation stability but little is known about this life stage. We use mark-recapture methods to estimate juvenile daily apparent survival, dispersal distance, and initial dispersal orientation during summer and fall dispersal of endangered Ambystoma jeffersonianum and their unisexual dependents (Ambystoma laterale – jeffersonianum). Over four years (2015-2018), 1018 juveniles (612 bisexual, 406 unisexual) were marked and 192 (19%) were recaptured at least once. Total captures varied widely between years, with the highest number of captures (88% of all individuals) occurring in 2017. Cormack-Jolly-Seber estimates of daily apparent survival were low in all years (0.76-0.95) but was higher for unisexuals than bisexuals. The majority of juveniles (71%) did not disperse further than 10-40 m after which movement appeared to cease. While most juveniles remained close to their natal pond, at least 2% of juveniles in 2017 travelled further than 100 m. Dispersal orientation varied by year and there was no difference in either dispersal orientation or distance between bisexual and unisexual individuals. This work is the first to estimate and compare juvenile survival and dispersal of sympatric A. jeffersonianum and A. laterale – jeffersonianum individuals, the results of which help inform population viability assessment and increase our understanding of juvenile dispersal dynamics and habitat use.

Estimating critical habitat based on year-round movements of the endangered Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) and their unisexual dependents

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
S.G. Van Drunen ◽  
J.E. Linton ◽  
J.P. Bogart ◽  
J. McCarter ◽  
H. Fotherby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Critical Habitat ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Ambystoma Jeffersonianum ◽  
Ambystoma Laterale ◽  
Species At Risk Act ◽  
Jefferson Salamander

Habitat protection is a key component of endangered species conservation, but critical habitat designations are often based on limited data or habitat use during only a portion of a species’ life cycle. Protected habitat around breeding pools for the endangered Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green, 1827)) and their unisexual dependents (Ambystoma laterale – (2) jeffersonianum) is based upon limited movement data from primarily spring and summer seasons. Furthermore, despite their treatment as distinct species under Canada’s Species at Risk Act, differences in habitat use have not been directly compared in areas where they co-occur. We used radiotelemetry to track A. jeffersonianum (JJ) and A. laterale – jeffersonianum (LJJ and LJJJ) during fall migrations to overwintering sites. We used these data and summarized available movement data from past studies that tracked movements in other periods of the annual cycle to estimate year-round critical habitat. Ambystoma jeffersonianum travelled significantly longer distances to overwintering locations than unisexuals. Individuals were more likely to overwinter next to a similar genomotype individual than not. Critical habitat encompassing the entire annual cycle of A. jeffersonianum extends up to 400–450 m from breeding ponds indicating existing regulatory habitat protections in Canada do not currently protect sufficient habitat.

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