Immunohistochemical identification of supportive cell types in the enteric nervous system of the rat colon and rectum

1988 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osami Nada ◽  
Takashi Kawana
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Supportive Cell ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Immunohistochemical Identification

Urocortin I is present in the enteric nervous system and exerts an excitatory effect via cholinergic and serotonergic pathways in the rat colon

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. G903-G910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takazumi Kimura ◽  
Tomofumi Amano ◽  
Hirotsugu Uehara ◽  
Hajime Ariga ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Colonic Motor

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin I (UcnI) have been shown to accelerate colonic transit after central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral administration, but the mechanism of their peripheral effect on colonic motor function has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, the localization of UcnI in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the colon is unknown. We investigated the effect of CRF and UcnI on colonic motor function and examined the localization of CRF, UcnI, CRF receptors, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and 5-HT. Isometric tension of rat colonic muscle strips was measured. The effect of CRF, UcnI on phasic contractions, and electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced off-contractions were examined. The effects of UcnI on both types of contraction were also studied in the presence of antalarmin, astressin2-B, tetrodotoxin (TTX), atropine, and 5-HT antagonists. The localizations of CRF, UcnI, CRF receptors, ChAT, and 5-HT in the colon were investigated by immunohistochemistry. CRF and UcnI increased both contractions dose dependently. UcnI exerted a more potent effect than CRF. Antalarmin, TTX, atropine, and 5-HT antagonists abolished the contractile effects of UcnI. CRF and UcnI were observed in the neuronal cells of the myenteric plexus. UcnI and ChAT, as well as UcnI and 5-HT, were colocalized in some of the neuronal cells of the myenteric plexus. This study demonstrated that CRF and UcnI act on the ENS and increase colonic contractility by enhancing cholinergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. These peptides are present in myenteric neurons. CRF and, perhaps, to a greater extent, UcnI appear to act as neuromodulators in the ENS of the rat colon.

scholarly journals Calcium-sensing receptor inhibits secretagogue-induced electrolyte secretion by intestine via the enteric nervous system

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. G60-G70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam X. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing

Bacterial toxins such as cholera toxin induce diarrhea by both direct epithelial cell generation of cyclic nucleotides as well as stimulation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Agonists of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) can reduce toxin-stimulated fluid secretion in ENS-absent colonic epithelial crypts by increasing phosphodiesterase-dependent cyclic-nucleotide degradation. Here we show that the CaSR is also highly expressed in tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive neurons comprising the ENS, suggesting that CaSR agonists might also function through neuronal pathways. To test this hypothesis, rat colon segments containing intact ENS were isolated and mounted on Ussing chambers. Basal and cyclic nucleotide-stimulated electrolyte secretions were monitored by measuring changes in short-circuit current ( Isc). CaSR was activated by R-568 and its effects were compared in the presence and absence of TTX. Consistent with active regulation of anion secretion by the ENS, a significant proportion of Isc in the proximal and distal colon was inhibited by serosal TTX, both at basal and under cyclic AMP-stimulated conditions. In the absence of TTX, activation of CaSR with R-568 significantly reduced basal Isc and cyclic AMP-stimulated Isc; it also completely reversed the cAMP-stimulated secretory responses if the drug was applied after the forskolin stimulation. Such inhibitory effects of R-568 were either absent or significantly reduced when serosal TTX was present, suggesting that this agonist exerts its antisecretory effect on the intestine by inhibiting ENS. The present results suggest a new model for regulating intestinal fluid transport in which neuronal and nonneuronal secretagogue actions are modulated by the inhibitory effects of CaSR on the ENS. The ability of a CaSR agonist to reduce secretagogue-stimulated Cl− secretion might provide a new therapeutic approach for secretory and other ENS-mediated diarrheal conditions.

Unexpected Roles for the Second Brain: Enteric Nervous System as Master Regulator of Bowel Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schneider ◽  
Christina M. Wright ◽  
Robert O. Heuckeroth
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Electrolyte Flux ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Literature

At the most fundamental level, the bowel facilitates absorption of small molecules, regulates fluid and electrolyte flux, and eliminates waste. To successfully coordinate this complex array of functions, the bowel relies on the enteric nervous system (ENS), an intricate network of more than 500 million neurons and supporting glia that are organized into distinct layers or plexi within the bowel wall. Neuron and glial diversity, as well as neurotransmitter and receptor expression in the ENS, resembles that of the central nervous system. The most carefully studied ENS functions include control of bowel motility, epithelial secretion, and blood flow, but the ENS also interacts with enteroendocrine cells, influences epithelial proliferation and repair, modulates the intestinal immune system, and mediates extrinsic nerve input. Here, we review the many different cell types that communicate with the ENS, integrating data about ENS function into a broader view of human health and disease. In particular, we focus on exciting new literature highlighting relationships between the ENS and its lesser-known interacting partners.

The enteric nervous system in tissue culture. II. Ultrastructural studies of cell types and their relationships

1983 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bałuk ◽  
Kristja´n R. Jessen ◽  
M. Jill Saffrey ◽  
Geoffrey Burnstock
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

scholarly journals Development, Diversity, and Neurogenic Capacity of Enteric Glia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werend Boesmans ◽  
Amelia Nash ◽  
Kinga R. Tasnády ◽  
Wendy Yang ◽  
Lincon A. Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Enteric Glia ◽  
Enteric Glial Cells ◽  
Functional Versatility

Enteric glia are a fascinating population of cells. Initially identified in the gut wall as the “support” cells of the enteric nervous system, studies over the past 20 years have unveiled a vast array of functions carried out by enteric glia. They mediate enteric nervous system signalling and play a vital role in the local regulation of gut functions. Enteric glial cells interact with other gastrointestinal cell types such as those of the epithelium and immune system to preserve homeostasis, and are perceptive to luminal content. Their functional versatility and phenotypic heterogeneity are mirrored by an extensive level of plasticity, illustrated by their reactivity in conditions associated with enteric nervous system dysfunction and disease. As one of the hallmarks of their plasticity and extending their operative relationship with enteric neurons, enteric glia also display neurogenic potential. In this review, we focus on the development of enteric glial cells, and the mechanisms behind their heterogeneity in the adult gut. In addition, we discuss what is currently known about the role of enteric glia as neural precursors in the enteric nervous system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document