Some effects of long-term ozone fumigations on Norway spruce

Trees ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Keller ◽  
R. H�sler
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

scholarly journals Effect of climatic factors on the dynamics of radial increments of Norway spruce, European beech and sessile oak

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petráš ◽  
J. Mecko
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Correlations of increment indexes with average monthly temperatures and total monthly precipitation were studied on annual ring series of 455 trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), sessile oak (Quercus petrea Liebl.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Data on precipitation from the period 1901–2005 and on temperatures from the period 1931–2005 were used. Statistically significant dependences with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.2–0.5 were confirmed. All tree species react positively to precipitation mainly in June and July. An increase in precipitation by 1 mm when compared with the long-term average results in an increase in increment index of spruce almost by 0.13%. This index in oak and beech increases only by a half value of the value for spruce. Precipitation from the second half of the vegetation period of the previous year is also important. Higher temperatures during the vegetation period affect increment changes mostly negatively. With temperature increase by 1°C, when compared with the long-term average, the increment index of trees decreases by about 1–2%.

scholarly journals Salvage felling in the Slovak forests in the period 2004–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Kunca ◽  
Milan Zúbrik ◽  
Juraj Galko ◽  
Jozef Vakula ◽  
Roman Leontovyč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
And Control

Abstract Salvage felling is one of the indicators of the forest health quality and stability. Most of the European Union countries monitor forest harmful agents, which account for salvage felling, in order to see trends or functionality between factors and to be able to predict their development. The systematic evidence of forest harmful agents and volume of salvage felling in Slovakia started at the Forest Research Institute in Zvolen in 1960. The paper focuses on the occurrence of the most relevant harmful agents and volume of salvage felling in the Slovak forests over the last decade. Within the 10 years period (2004–2013) salvage felling in Slovakia reached 42.31 mil. m3 of wood, which was 53.2% of the total felling. Wind and European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus damaged 78.4% of salvage wood, i.e. they were the most important pest agents. Norway spruce (Picea abies) was the most frequently damaged tree species that represented the amount of 35.6 mil. m3 of wood (81.2% of total volume of salvage felling). As Norway spruce grows mostly in mountains, these regions of Central and Northern Slovakia were most affected. At the damaged localities new forests were prevailingly established with regard to suitable ecological conditions for trees, climate change scenarios and if possible, natural regeneration has been preferred. These approaches in forest stand regeneration together with silvicultural and control measures are assumed to gradually decrease the amount of salvage felling over long term perspective.

scholarly journals Modelling the viscoelastic mechanosorptive behaviour of Norway spruce under long-term compression perpendicular to the grain

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mirko Massaro ◽  
Kjell Arne Malo
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Material Model ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Timber Engineering ◽  
Wooden Products

AbstractThe effects of variation in humidity coupled with long-term loading give rise to dimensional changes and creep effects in wooden elements. Many wooden products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) plates as well as many common structural details used in timber engineering are vulnerable to variations in moisture content (MC) as well as to creep effects. This paper addresses the long-term effects in the material modelling of timber by the finite element method (FEM), also considering the viscoelastic and mechanosorptive effects in wood. The model was calibrated using both relaxation tests and creep tests. The results from both long-term compression perpendicular- to-grain tests (relaxation and creep) performed on glulam (GL30c) from Norway spruce (Picea abies) with moisture control are presented in this paper. The material model considers the effect of loading and moisture changes. For realistic comparison, the pith location of each lamella was specified in the numerical analyses. Ultimately, a comparison between the numerical results and the experimental results has been provided, exhibiting an overall good estimation of timber response.

scholarly journals Effect of Mg fertilization on yellowing disease of Norway spruce at higher elevations of the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Podrázský ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Yellowing Disease ◽  
Set Up

Norway spruce yellowing and defoliation caused by Mg deficiency was frequently recorded on many sites of the &Scaron;umava Mts. (Bohemian Forest Mts.) since 1980&rsquo;s. A forest experiment aimed at investigation response of spruce to Mg application (commercial fertilizer SILVAMIX<sup>&reg;</sup> Mg NPK) was set up in 1998. Fertilizer was applied manually in a dose of 96.5 kg Mg/ha in spruce (S) and beech-spruce (BS) vegetation altitudinal zones in spring 2000. Immediate decrease of yellowing was revealed in fertilized plots in both vegetation zones and yellowing almost completely disappeared at the end of the investigation in 2005. Further, fertilization resulted in stabile foliation while marked defoliation was reported from control plots in both vegetation zones. Mg deficiency can be effectively eliminated by appropriate fertilizer application. Balanced nutrition contributes to long-term vigour and stability of forest stands.

Effects of low-level long-term ozone fumigation and acid mist on photosynthesis and stomata of clonal Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Führer ◽  
M. Dunkl ◽  
D. Knoppik ◽  
H. Selinger ◽  
L.W. Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Acid Mist

scholarly journals Adaptation Capacity of Norway Spruce Provenances in Western Latvia

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeltiņš ◽  
Katrevičs ◽  
Gailis ◽  
Maaten ◽  
Desaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Adaptation Capacity

In Europe, numerous Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) provenance trials have been established and evaluated at a juvenile age. Still, information about the adaptation potential and long-term fitness of transferred seedlots in the Baltic Sea region is lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the adaptation capacity of provenances and assess the patterns of their long-term reaction to environmental transfer. We examined a 32-year-old provenance trial in the mild Baltic Sea coastal climate of Western Latvia. Significant differences in height and stem volume were observed among provenances. Growth superiority for certain local and Carpathian provenances was maintained over more than one-third of the rotation period. The best predictor of climate transfer functions was minimum temperature of the coldest month at the place of origin, explaining 28% variation in tree height. Populations from sites with more frost days and a colder mean annual temperature, minimum temperature, and lower annual heat-moisture index than the planting site were generally taller.

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