Action of the octavolateralis efferent system upon the lateral line of free-swimming toadfish, Opsanus tau

1991 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Tricas ◽  
S.M. Highstein
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Opsanus Tau

Neural Recordings From the Lateral Line in Free-Swimming Toadfish, Opsanus tau

2003 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Palmer ◽  
B. A. Giuffrida ◽  
A. F. Mensinger
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Opsanus Tau

scholarly journals The Cholinergic Lateral Line Efferent Synapse: Structural, Functional and Molecular Similarities With Those of the Cochlea

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola V. Plazas ◽  
Ana Belén Elgoyhen
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Sk Channels ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Intact Specimen ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Synaptic Physiology ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Subsequent Activation ◽  
Mammalian Counterpart

Vertebrate hair cell (HC) systems are innervated by efferent fibers that modulate their response to external stimuli. In mammals, the best studied efferent-HC synapse, the cholinergic medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system, makes direct synaptic contacts with HCs. The net effect of MOC activity is to hyperpolarize HCs through the activation of α9α10 nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) and the subsequent activation of Ca2+-dependent SK2 potassium channels. A serious obstacle in research on many mammalian sensory systems in their native context is that their constituent neurons are difficult to access even in newborn animals, hampering circuit observation, mapping, or controlled manipulation. By contrast, fishes and amphibians have a superficial and accessible mechanosensory system, the lateral line (LL), which circumvents many of these problems. LL responsiveness is modulated by efferent neurons which aid to distinguish between external and self-generated stimuli. One component of the LL efferent system is cholinergic and its activation inhibits LL afferent activity, similar to what has been described for MOC efferents. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model system for studying human hearing and balance disorders, since LL HC are structurally and functionally analogous to cochlear HCs, but are optically and pharmacologically accessible within an intact specimen. Complementing mammalian studies, zebrafish have been used to gain significant insights into many facets of HC biology, including mechanotransduction and synaptic physiology as well as mechanisms of both hereditary and acquired HC dysfunction. With the rise of the zebrafish LL as a model in which to study auditory system function and disease, there has been an increased interest in studying its efferent system and evaluate the similarity between mammalian and piscine efferent synapses. Advances derived from studies in zebrafish include understanding the effect of the LL efferent system on HC and afferent activity, and revealing that an α9-containing nAChR, functionally coupled to SK channels, operates at the LL efferent synapse. In this review, we discuss the tools and findings of these recent investigations into zebrafish efferent-HC synapse, their commonalities with the mammalian counterpart and discuss several emerging areas for future studies.

The Activity of Lateral-Line Efferent Neurones in Stationary and Swimming Dogfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. ROBERTS ◽  
I. J. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Natural Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The activity of efferent neurones innervating lateral-line organs on the body of dogfish was followed by recording from filaments of cranial nerve X in 41 decerebrate preparations. 2. The efferent nerves were not spontaneously active. 3. Tactile stimulation to the head and body, vestibular stimulation and noxious chemical stimulation were followed by activity of the efferent nerves. 4. In contrast, natural stimulation of lateral-line organs (water jets) did not reflexly evoke discharges from the efferent fibres. 5. Reflex efferent responses were still obtained to mechanical stimulation even after the lateral-line organs had been denervated. 6. Electrical stimulation of cranial nerves innervating lateral-lines organs was followed by reflex activity of the efferent fibres. But similar stimuli applied to other cranial nerves were equally effective in exciting the efferent system. 7. Vigorous movements of the fish, involving the white musculature, were preceded and accompanied by activity of the efferent fibres which persisted as long as the white muscle fibres were contracting. 8. Rhythmical swimming movements were accompanied by a few impulses in the efferent fibres grouped in bursts at the same frequency as the swimming movements. 9. It is concluded that the efferent neurones cannot contribute to a feedback regulatory system because they are not excited by natural stimulation of the lateral-line sense organs. The close correlation found between efferent activity and body movement suggests that the efferent system might operate in a protective manner to prevent the sense organs from being over-stimulated when the fish makes vigorous movements.

scholarly journals Anechoic aquarium for ultrasonic neural telemetry

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1401) ◽  
pp. 1305-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Mensinger ◽  
Max Deffienbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Signal Discrimination ◽  
Viiith Nerve ◽  
Multipath Environment ◽  
To Receive

An acoustic neural telemetry tag has been developed for recording from free–swimming aquatic animals. Microwire electrodes were implanted into the VIIIth nerve of the toadfish, Opsanus tau , and interfaced to the subdermally implanted tag. The telemetry tag frequency modulates the neural signal, converting it into a varying frequency, which is amplified and transmitted acoustically (centre frequency of 90 kHz and a 20 kHz bandwidth). This acoustic signal is detected by a receiver hydrophone, and the receiver reconstructs the full neural waveform from the acoustic signal. However, due to the multipath environment in the experimental aquarium, the acoustic signal is quickly degraded as the hydrophone is moved away from the source. In order to receive the signal independent of fish position, an anechoic aquarium was designed. Streams of microbubbles ( ca. 70 μm diameter) were generated to produce a curtain of sound–absorptive material along the walls and water surface of the aquarium. Microbubble generation significantly reduced the multipath artefacts, and allowed signal discrimination independent of fish and hydrophone position. The anechoic aquarium will allow the recording of neural activity from freeswimming fishes in quasi–natural habitats, thus allowing better understanding of the neural mechanisms of behaviour.

Efferent system of lateral-line organ of fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Hashimoto ◽  
Yasuji Katsuki ◽  
Keiji Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Lateral Line Organ ◽  
Line Organ

Effect of the Anesthetic Tricaine (MS-222) on Nerve Activity in the Anterior Lateral Line of the Oyster Toadfish, Opsanus tau

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Palmer ◽  
Allen F. Mensinger
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Lateral Line Nerve ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Primary Afferent Fibers ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Evoked Activity

Inductive neural telemetry was used to record from microwire electrodes chronically implanted into the anterior lateral line nerve of the toadfish, Opsanus tau. Spontaneous neural activity and the response of lateral line fibers to water current were continually monitored from 17 primary afferent fibers before, during, and after the administration of the anesthetic tricaine (MS-222). Significant decrease in spontaneous and evoked activity and increase in interspike interval was noted when anesthetic concentrations were ≥0.010%. Neural activity returned to control levels within ∼90 min of anesthetic withdrawal. Decreasing the pH of the solution without the anesthetic caused transient heightened sensitivity, indicating that tricaine and not the concurrent drop in pH was responsible for the decrease in sensitivity during anesthesia. During a secondary challenge with the anesthetic 24 h after the first, fibers initially showed faster recovery however overall recovery kinetics were similar. Although high tricaine concentration was correlated with decreased neural sensitivity, the concentrations normally used to maintain anesthesia in the toadfish did not have significant effect on the evoked firing rate. Thus given sufficient time to recover from the induction of surgical anesthesia, it may be possible to maintain the animal under light anesthesia while minimizing the physiological effects of tricaine.

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