Determination and use of moisture diffusion coefficient to characterize drying of northern red oak (Quercus rubra)

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.T. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Moisture Diffusion Coefficient

scholarly journals Spray deposition inside multiple-row nursery trees with a laser-guided sprayer1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
Hengyu Liu ◽  
R. H. Zondag
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa

Abstract Multiple-row container-grown trees require specially designed sprayers to achieve efficient spray delivery. A five-port air-assisted sprayer with both automatic and manual control modes was developed to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row trees. The sprayer resulted from integration of a high-speed laser-scanning sensor with a sophisticated nozzle flow control system, an embedded computer with a touch screen, a Doppler speed sensor, a specially-designed algorithm and an air-assisted sprayer base. It was able to detect target tree presence and measure target tree size, shape and leaf density. The sprayer then controlled the spray output of each nozzle to match tree structures. The sprayer was tested for its sprayer deposition quality inside canopies in a four-row sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench) field and another six-row northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) field. Tests were conducted with the sprayer in variable-rate application (VRA) and constant-rate application (CRA) modes. The average spray deposit on foliage of trees was 1.37±0.47 μL cm−2 from VRA and 1.29±0.42 μL cm−2 from CRA in linden, and was 2.15±0.57 μL cm−2 from VRA and 2.72±0.94 μL cm−2 from CRA in red oak, respectively. In comparison, spray coverage on foliage of trees was 19.8±3.0% from VRA and 20.9±4.3% from CRA in the linden trial, and was 27.9±3.7% from VRA and 30.5±5.4% from CRA, respectively, in the red oak trial. The newly developed air-assisted sprayer in both VRA and CRA modes would be able to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row tree plants while conserving pesticide. Index words: environmental protection, pest control, pesticide, precision sprayer, spray coverage. Species used in this study: sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Mass Diffusion Coefficient and Mass Biot Number Using a Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Winiczenko ◽  
Krzysztof Górnicki ◽  
Agnieszka Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Biot Number ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mass Diffusion ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Moisture Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Nondominated Sorting

A precise determination of the mass diffusion coefficient and the mass Biot number is indispensable for deeper mass transfer analysis that can enable finding optimum conditions for conducting a considered process. The aim of the article is to estimate the mass diffusion coefficient and the mass Biot number by applying nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) II genetic algorithms. The method is used in drying. The maximization of coefficient of correlation (R) and simultaneous minimization of mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the model and experimental data were taken into account. The Biot number and moisture diffusion coefficient can be determined using the following equations: Bi = 0.7647141 + 10.1689977s − 0.003400086T + 948.715758s2 + 0.000024316T2 − 0.12478256sT, D = 1.27547936∙10−7 − 2.3808∙10−5s − 5.08365633∙10−9T + 0.0030005179s2 + 4.266495∙10−11T2 + 8.33633∙10−7sT or Bi = 0.764714 + 10.1689091s − 0.003400089T + 948.715738s2 + 0.000024316T2 − 0.12478252sT, D = 1.27547948∙10−7 − 2.3806∙10−5s − 5.08365753∙10−9T + 0.0030005175s2 + 4.266493∙10−11T2 + 8.336334∙10−7sT. The results of statistical analysis for the Biot number and moisture diffusion coefficient equations were as follows: R = 0.9905672, MAE = 0.0406375, RMSE = 0.050252 and R = 0.9905611, MAE = 0.0406403 and RMSE = 0.050273, respectively.

scholarly journals Auger Planting of Oak Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Adrian Grell
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract In 2001, we used power augers to plant 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) seedlings in stony soils in Arkansas. After two growing seasons, red oak and white oak survival was 86% and 91%, respectively. Both species had only grown an average of 1 ft in height in 2 yr. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):92–93.

scholarly journals Effect of Overstory and Understory Vegetation Treatments on Removal of Planted Northern Red Oak Acorns by Rodents

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Sharik ◽  
David S. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Acorn Removal

Abstract We documented patterns in the removal of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns by rodents in red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands during a field study of oak regeneration in northern Lower Michigan. Each stand contained four overstory treatments assigned at random: clearcut, 25% cover, 50% cover, and uncut (control). Each level of canopy cover contained four randomly assigned understory treatments: shrub-layer removal, herb-layer removal, litter removal, and a control. Rodents removed acorns from 59% of the seed spots in the uncut control and 12% of the seed spots in the clearcut treatment. This five-fold difference was significant. Acorns were removed from 48% and 40% of the seed spots in the 75% and 50% canopy cover treatments, respectively. Differences in acorn removal between understory treatments were not significant. These results suggest that overstory vegetation treatments can influence the removal of planted acorns by rodents, which has implications for the use of direct seeding for artificially regenerating northern red oak.

Acorns of invasive Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) in Europe are larval hosts for moths and beetles

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Myczko ◽  
Łukasz Dylewski ◽  
Artur Chrzanowski ◽  
Tim H. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak
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