Prothoracic DUM neurons of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus ? responses to natural stimuli and activity in walking behavior

1990 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heribert Gras ◽  
Michael H�rner ◽  
Lars Runge ◽  
Friedrich-Wilhelm Sch�rmann
Keyword(s):  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Natural Stimuli ◽  
Dum Neurons

scholarly journals Getting grip in changing environments: the effect of friction anisotropy inversion on robot locomotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor T. Tramsen ◽  
Lars Heepe ◽  
Jettanan Homchanthanakul ◽  
Florentin Wörgötter ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Hexapod Robot ◽  
Friction Anisotropy ◽  
Anisotropic Friction ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Robot Locomotion ◽  
Computational Morphology ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
Walking Environment

AbstractLegged locomotion of robots can be greatly improved by bioinspired tribological structures and by applying the principles of computational morphology to achieve fast and energy-efficient walking. In a previous research, we mounted shark skin on the belly of a hexapod robot to show that the passive anisotropic friction properties of this structure enhance locomotion efficiency, resulting in a stronger grip on varying walking surfaces. This study builds upon these results by using a previously investigated sawtooth structure as a model surface on a legged robot to systematically examine the influences of different material and surface properties on the resulting friction coefficients and the walking behavior of the robot. By employing different surfaces and by varying the stiffness and orientation of the anisotropic structures, we conclude that with having prior knowledge about the walking environment in combination with the tribological properties of these structures, we can greatly improve the robot’s locomotion efficiency.

scholarly journals Exploring the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Leisure Walking Based on the Demand of Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Yupei Jiang ◽  
Honghu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
The Impact

Leisure walking has been an important topic in space-time behavior and public health research. However, prior studies pay little attention to the integration and the characterization of diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking. This study constructs a theoretical framework of leisure walking behavior demands from three different dimensions and levels of activity participation, space-time opportunity, and health benefit. On this basis, through a face-to-face survey in Nanjing, China (N = 1168, 2017–2018 data), this study quantitatively analyzes the characteristics of leisure walking demands, as well as the impact of the built environment and individual factors on it. The results show that residents have a high demand for participation and health benefits of leisure walking. The residential neighborhood provides more space opportunities for leisure walking, but there is a certain constraint on the choice of walking time. Residential neighborhood with medium or large parks is more likely to satisfy residents’ demands for engaging in leisure walking and obtaining high health benefits, while neighborhood with a high density of walking paths tends to limit the satisfaction of demands for space opportunity and health benefit. For residents aged 36 and above, married, or retired, their diverse demands for leisure walking are more likely to be fulfilled, while those with high education, medium-high individual income, general and above health status, or children (<18 years) are less likely to be fulfilled. These finding that can have important implications for the healthy neighborhood by fully considering diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking behavior.

scholarly journals Sustainable Transportation and Policy Development: A Study for Impact Analysis of Mobility Patterns and Neighborhood Assessment of Walking Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Siqueira ◽  
Ahmad Adeel ◽  
Petrit Pasha ◽  
Amal Al Balushi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
Global Threat

Since rapid growth and car-oriented patterns became a global threat and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) levels are advancing, strategies to redesign the built environment into healthier spaces have gained importance. Walkability plays a central role in this context. However, the literature is dominated by studies from western industrialized countries. In this paper, we employed structural equational modeling to analyze perceptual data collected from different neighborhoods of Muscat. We compared the responses regarding environmental attributes to the frequency of walking for transport. We found that land use mix combined with low residential density are the factors that have the highest impact on pedestrian activity. Conversely, the estimates of the pedestrian infrastructure were surprisingly low, suggesting that, in car dominant societies, walking perceptions are affected by drivers’ perspectives.

scholarly journals Differences in Tibia Shape in Organically Reared Chicken Lines Measured by Means of Geometric Morphometrics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Domitilla Pulcini ◽  
David Meo Zilio ◽  
Francesco Cenci ◽  
Cesare Castellini ◽  
Monica Guarino Amato
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Static Behavior ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Slow Growing

In the present study, the conformation of the tibia of seven genetic lines of broilers was analyzed by Geometric Morphometrics and correlated to carcass weight and walking ability. The used chicken genetic lines were classified as fast, medium, or slow growing and ranked for their walking ability. Six chicken types were reared in an organic farm and slaughtered at 81 days of age while one slow-growing and highly walking line (Naked Neck) was reared in a commercial farm and used as external reference for moving activity and growth speed. A mixed landmarks and semi-landmarks model was applied to the study of tibia shape. Results of this study showed that: (i) body weight gain was positively correlated to the curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tibia; (ii) the shape of the tibia and the active walking behavior were significantly correlated; (iii) walking and not-walking genetic lines could be discriminated in relation to the overall shape of the tibia; (iv) a prevalence of static behavior was correlated to a more pronounced curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tibia. Results of this study revealed that the walking genetic types have a more functional and natural tibia conformation. This easy morphologic method for evaluating tibia shape could help to characterize the adaptability of genotypes to organic and outdoor rearing.

Perceptions of the Neighborhood Built Environment for Walking Behavior in Older Adults Living in Close Proximity

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097925
Author(s):  
Florian Herbolsheimer ◽  
Atiya Mahmood ◽  
Nadine Ungar ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael ◽  
Frank Oswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

Past research documents a discordance between perceived and objectively assessed neighborhood environmental features on walking behavior. Therefore, we examined differences in the perception of the same neighborhood built environment. Participants were grouped if they lived 400 m or closer to each other. The perception of the pedestrian infrastructure, neighborhood aesthetics, safety from crime, and safety from traffic was derived from a telephone survey from two North American metropolitan areas; 173 individuals were clustered into 42 groups. Older adults who walked for transport in their neighborhood experienced the same neighborhood as more walkable (β = .19; p = .011) with better pedestrian infrastructure (β = .16; p = .037). Older adults with physical limitations experienced the same neighborhood as less safe from crime (β = −.17; p = .030) and traffic (β = −.20; p = .009). The study supports the notion that individual behavior and physical restrictions alter the environment’s perception and explains part of the discordance between objective and subjective assessment of the neighborhood environment.

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