Land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal in urban areas

The world population percentage placed Indonesia in fourth place of the highest populated countries in the world. The majority of Indonesians live in an urban area. Java Island is the highest populated island in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya. This study showed the flood depth in these three cities, which has become a yearly threat during the rainy season. At the same time, another problem due to water withdrawal was analyzed. Land subsidence has occurred due to simultaneous water withdrawal and overload of alluvial soil due to land-use conversion. A remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) took account in this analysis to achieve the aim of this study. The hydraulic model was created to produce a flood depth map, and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) technique generated a land subsidence map. This study aims to show the problem in these three cities related to water in urban areas. This study found that all study areas had a severe risk of flood and land subsidence. Semarang received more threats to flood and land subsidence comparing to the other cities.

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Land subsidence due to ground-water withdrawal in the Los Banos-Kettleman City area, California; Part 2, Subsidence and compaction of deposits

Professional Paper ◽

10.3133/pp437f ◽

1975 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W.B. Bull

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Water Withdrawal ◽

City Area

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Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Quetta and surrounding region, Pakistan

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-382-595-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 595-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Najeebullah Kakar ◽

Din Muhammad Kakar ◽

Sadia Barrech

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Water Shortages ◽

Groundwater Exploitation ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Quetta Valley ◽

Water Quality And Quantity

Abstract. Land subsidence is effecting several metropolis in the developing as well as developed countries around the world such as Nagoya (Japan), Shanghai (China), Venice (Italy) and San Joaquin valley (United States). This phenomenon is attributed to natural as well as anthropogenic activities that include extensive groundwater withdrawals. Quetta which is facing similar subsidence phenomenon is the largest city of Balochistan province in Pakistan. This valley is mostly dry and ground water is the major source for domestic and agricultural consumption. The unplanned use of ground water resources has led to the deterioration of water quality and quantity in the Quetta valley. Water shortages in the region was further aggravated by the drought during (1998–2004) that affected the area forcing people to migrate from rural to urban areas. Refugees from the war torn neighboring Afghanistan also contributed to rapid increase in population of Quetta valley that has increased from 0.26 million in 1975 to 3.0 million in 2016. The objective of this study was to measure the land subsidence in Quetta valley and identify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on land subsidence. To achieve this goal, data from five Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in Quetta were acquired and processed. Furthermore the groundwater decline data from 41 observation wells during 2010 to 2015 were calculated and compared with the land deformation. The results of the GPS readings revealed that the land of Quetta valley is subsiding from 30 mm yr−1 on the flanks to 120 mm yr−1 in the central part. 1.5–5.0 m yr−1 of groundwater level drop was recorded in the area where the rate of subsidence is highest. Whereas 9–10 cm of subsidence was recorded in the surrounding areas of Quetta where agriculture and settlements are high. The surrounding areas include Kuchlak, Mastung, Pishin, Gulistan and Hurumzai districts. These results were acquired using InSAR imagery collected from October 2014 to march 2019. So the extensive groundwater withdrawals in Quetta valley and surrounding areas is considered to be the driving force behind land subsidence.

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