The influence of middle ear pressure on the lateral vestibulospinal tract neurons in cats

1991 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ito ◽  
I. Honjo
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract ◽  
Vestibulospinal Tract

Proof of concept study using a modified Politzer inflation device as a rescue modality for treating Eustachian tube dysfunction during hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a multiplace (Class A) chamber

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Owen J. O’Neill ◽  
Elizabeth Smykowski ◽  
Jo Ann Marker ◽  
Lubiha Perez ◽  
drah Gurash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hyperbaric Treatment ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Tube Dysfunction

Introduction: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) are the most common adverse effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatments. Patients practice equalization maneuvers to prevent ETD and MEB prior to hyperbaric exposure. Some patients are still unable to equalize middle ear pressure. This ETD results in undesirable consequences, including barotrauma, treatment with medications or surgical myringotomy with tube placement and interruption of HBO2. When additional medications and myringotomy are employed, they are associated with additional complications. Methods: A device known as the Ear Popper® has been reported to reduce complications from serous otitis media and reduce the need for surgical interventions (myringotomy). Patients unable to equalize middle ear pressure during initial compression in the hyperbaric chamber were allowed to use the device for rescue. All hyperbaric treatments were compressed using a United States Navy TT9, or a 45-fsw hyperbaric treatment schedule. Patients with persistent ETD and the inability to equalize middle ear pressure were given the Ear Popper upon consideration of terminating their treatment. Results: The Ear Popper allowed all patients to successfully equalize middle ear pressure and complete their treatments. Conclusion: This study substantiates the use of this device to assist in allowing pressurization of the middle ear space in patients otherwise unable to achieve equalization of middle ear pressure during HBO2 treatment in a multiplace chamber.

Chorda tympani nerve, may it have a role in stabilizing middle ear pressure?

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rinaldi ◽  
M. Cappadona ◽  
M. Gaffuri ◽  
S. Torretta ◽  
L. Pignataro
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure

Anatomical Effects of Sudden Middle Ear Pressure Changes

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Axelsson ◽  
J. Miller ◽  
M. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Pressure Changes

Acute middle ear (ME) and inner ear changes following brief unilateral phasic ME pressure changes (up to ± 6000/mm H2O) were studied in the guinea pig. Middle ear findings included perforation of the tympanic membrane, serous and serosanguinous exudate and hemorrhage of tympanic membrane and periosteal vessels. Changes were related to magnitude of applied pressure. Perforation and hemorrhage were more commonly seen with negative rather than positive pressure. Air bubbles behind the round window were seen with positive pressures. Occasional distortion, but never perforation of the round window, was noted. Hemorrhage of the scala tympani was observed with both positive and negative pressures; scala vestibuli hemorrhage was found with negative ME pressure. In some instances pressure direction and magnitude related changes were seen in the contralateral ear.

Middle Ear Pressure and Dysfunction of the Labyrinth: Is There a Relationship?

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Maier ◽  
Milo Fradis ◽  
Uwe Ross ◽  
Bernhard Richter
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Cochlear Function ◽  
Pressure Equalization ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
Vestibular Neuronitis

Relationships between middle ear pressure and non-infection-related cochleovestibular dysfunction have been suggested by several authors. According to some data, vertiginous attacks can be prevented by the insertion of a ventilation tube in patients suffering from Meniere's syndrome. The aim of our study was to investigate if the incidence of eustachian tube malfunction and pathologic middle ear pressure is frequent, and if routine implantation of ventilation tubes is reasonable in ears with dysfunctions of the labyrinth, including clinical Meniere's syndrome. So, we determined in our pressure chamber all active and passive parameters of eustachian tube function in 40 patients suffering from Meniere's syndrome, sudden sensory hearing impairment (SSHI), or vestibular neuronitis. Our results disclosed no nonrandom incidence of impaired tubal function among our patients compared to healthy control subjects. Pressure equalization was sufficient in most patients suffering from clinical Meniere's syndrome, and only one patient with vestibular neuronitis presented with a patulous tube. Our results show that impairment of vestibular or cochlear function is not regularly accompanied by eustachian tube dysfunction. Furthermore, no patient reported symptoms while pressure variation was performed. We conclude that variation of middle ear pressure does not usually play a role in the genesis of Meniere's syndrome, vestibular neuronitis, or SSHI. Thus, from our data, we cannot recommend routine implantation of tympanic ventilation tubes in patients suffering from Meniere's syndrome, vestibular neuronitis, or sudden hearing loss.

Impedance audiometry: Is it a wise investment?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
Edward A. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Impedance Audiometry ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

In this issue of Pediatrics there is a report1 of a method by which abnormalities of the middle ear that affect mobility of the drum, and therefore hearing, may be assessed quantitatively. In brief, the technique, called tympanometry, measures the compliance of the ear drum and, by ascertaining compliance at different external pressures, estimates pressures in the middle ear. The value to pediatricians and their patients of a means by which ear drum compliance and middle ear pressure can be measured lies primarily in the diagnosis and management of serous otitis media. Clearly, the data presented in this report indicate that this technique will usually discriminate between ears with middle ear effusions and normal ears.

Tympanometry Revealing Middle Ear Pathology

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Renvall ◽  
Jörgen Holmquist
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Impedance Audiometry ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Stapedius Reflex ◽  
Temporal Bones

In order to evaluate the usefulness of impedance audiometry as a screening method for school children, two different pilot studies were performed. The results indicated that impedance audiometry (tympanometry and stapedius reflex test) was more efficient than otoscopy and pure tone screening in the detection of ears with secretory otitis media (SOM). In order to gain some more experience, an extended study of 800 7-year-olds was performed. The results from this investigation showed 6.5% pathological values with pure tone screening, 13.5% pathological values with tympanometry and 32% elevated or nonelicitable stapedius reflexes. Analysis of our observations indicates that the stapedius reflex may be too sensitive a test to be used as a screening method. Tympanometry, however, is recommended as a complement to pure tone screening in screening of children. A 6–12 months follow-up was also performed on 357 ears in which an initial study had shown a middle ear pressure of ≤ −100 mm H2O. At the repeated test 20% had pathological pure tone screening, 40% had a middle ear pressure of ≤ −100 mm H2O, 57% had elevated or nonelicitable stapedius reflexes, and 14% had middle ear effusion. The high frequency of persisting abnormal middle ear pressure and effusion in these 357 ears suggests that a middle ear pressure of ≤ −100 mm H2O can be a predisposing factor for SOM. In an experimental study on human temporal bones it was demonstrated that the tympanogram preserves its original appearance when the water level is low in the middle ear, while a higher level gives rise to a pathological tympanogram. It is also demonstrated that there is a discrepancy between the tympanometrically, indirectly recorded middle ear pressure and the middle ear pressure as measured manometrically, directly from the middle ear.

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