Nitric oxide modulates the release of acetylcholine in the ventral striatum of the freely moving rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 352 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Prast ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
E. Werner ◽  
G. Werner-Felmayer ◽  
A. Philippu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Nasal respiration is necessary for ketamine-dependent high frequency network oscillations and behavioral hyperactivity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Wróbel ◽  
Władysław Średniawa ◽  
Gabriela Jurkiewicz ◽  
Jarosław Żygierewicz ◽  
Daniel K. Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Freely Moving

Abstract Changes in oscillatory activity are widely reported after subanesthetic ketamine, however their mechanisms of generation are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nasal respiration underlies the emergence of high-frequency oscillations (130–180 Hz, HFO) and behavioral activation after ketamine in freely moving rats. We found ketamine 20 mg/kg provoked “fast” theta sniffing in rodents which correlated with increased locomotor activity and HFO power in the OB. Bursts of ketamine-dependent HFO were coupled to “fast” theta frequency sniffing. Theta coupling of HFO bursts were also found in the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum which, although of smaller amplitude, were coherent with OB activity. Haloperidol 1 mg/kg pretreatment prevented ketamine-dependent increases in fast sniffing and instead HFO coupling to slower basal respiration. Consistent with ketamine-dependent HFO being driven by nasal respiration, unilateral naris blockade led to an ipsilateral reduction in ketamine-dependent HFO power compared to the control side. Bilateral nares blockade reduced ketamine-induced hyperactivity and HFO power and frequency. These findings suggest that nasal airflow entrains ketamine-dependent HFO in diverse brain regions, and that the OB plays an important role in the broadcast of this rhythm.

Lack of central nitric oxide triggers erectile dysfunction in diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. R1158-R1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Keshore R. Bidasee ◽  
William G. Mayhan ◽  
Kaushik P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
System Component ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus. The proposed mechanisms for erectile dysfunction in diabetes include central and autonomic neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, and smooth muscle dysfunction. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is known to be involved in centrally mediated penile erection. This study was designed to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) within the central nervous system component of the behavioral responses including erection in diabetic rats. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced erection, yawning, and stretch through the PVN can be blocked by prior administration of NO synthase (NOS) blocker, l-NMMA, in freely moving, conscious male normal rats. Four weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) and vehicle injections, NMDA-induced erection, yawning, and stretch responses through the PVN are significantly blunted in diabetic rats compared with control rats. Examination of neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein by Western blot analysis indicated a reduced amount of nNOS protein in the PVN of rats with diabetes compared with control rats. Furthermore, restoring nNOS within the PVN by gene transfer using adenoviral transfection significantly restored the erectile and yawning responses to NMDA in diabetic rats. These data demonstrate that a blunted NO mechanism within the PVN may contribute to NMDA-induced erectile dysfunction observed in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals A study on the role of nitric oxide and iron in 3-morpholino-sydnonimine-induced increases in dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Andrea Serra ◽  
Gaia Rocchitta ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
M Rosaria Delogu ◽  
Rossana Migheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Distinct striatal subregions and corticostriatal connectivity for effort, action and reward

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shosuke Suzuki ◽  
Victoria M. Lawlor ◽  
Jessica A. Cooper ◽  
Amanda R. Arulpragasam ◽  
Michael T. Treadway
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Effort Discounting ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe ventral striatum is believed to encode the subjective value of cost/benefit options; however, this effect has strikingly been absent during choices that involve physical effort. Prior work in freely-moving animals has revealed opposing striatal signals, with greater response to increasing effort demands and reduced responses to rewards requiring effort. Yet, the relationship between these conflicting signals remains unknown. Using fMRI with a naturalistic, effort-based navigation paradigm, we identified functionally-segregated regions within ventral striatum that separately encoded action, effort, and discounting of rewards by effort. Strikingly, these sub-regions mirrored results from a large-sample connectivity-based parcellation of the striatum. Moreover, individual differences in striatal effort activation and effort discounting signals predicted striatal responses to effort-related choices during an independent fMRI task. Taken together, our results suggest that a dorsomedial region primarily associated with action may instead represent the effort cost of actions, and raises fundamental questions regarding the interpretation of striatal “reward” signals in the context of effort demands.

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