The evolution of social behavior and nest architecture in sweat bees of the subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera : Halictidae): a phylogenetic approach

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Nest Architecture ◽  
Sweat Bees

Synergistic evolution of halictine nest architecture and social behavior

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Knerer
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Nest Architecture ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways ◽  
Ground Nesting

Halictinae are a large and taxonomically diverse group of ground-nesting bees. Solitary and social members coexist in all faunal zones, and several distinct evolutionary pathways to higher social levels can be discerned among extant species. The genus Evylaeus embraces the most advanced halictine societies known. These are made up of a queen and numerous small, unmated and nonreproductive workers. A strong correlation exists between architectural complexity and the level of socialization attained in those forms, since only a structural preadaptation permits a development of large colonies possessing a division of labor and intensive brood care.

Fossil nest of sweat bees (Halictinae) from a Miocene paleosol, Rusinga Island, western Kenya

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Thackray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Nest Architecture ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Sweat Bees ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Rusinga Island

A fossilized nest found in a 17 Ma paleosol on Rusinga Island is similar in many respects to those constructed by bees. The nest consists of subellipsoidal cells arranged in paired, parallel rows, which are themselves arranged in clusters. Typical cells average approximately 6 mm by 3.5 mm, and have curved dorsal surfaces and nearly flat ventral surfaces. The nest is here referred to a new ichnospecies: Celliforma habari. The cell shape and nest architecture are most like those of modern bees of the subfamily Halictinae (Apoidea: Halictidae), and probably were constructed by bees with a societal structure that was at least communal and quite possibly more highly social. The nest suggests a subhumid to humid climate and angiosperm-dominated vegetation for Rusinga Island during Early Miocene time.

Mental Illness as Social Behavior

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 540-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES G. KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Behavior

Social Behavior: Autonomy or Control?

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
WILLIAM R. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior
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