Formation of crystalloid inclusions in the small intestine of neonatal pigs: an immunocytochemical study using colloidal gold

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lázló G. Kőműves ◽  
Buford L. Nichols ◽  
T. William Hutchens ◽  
Julian P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Crystalloid Inclusions

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of colostral IgG transported into lymph and plasma in neonatal pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. R976-R980
Author(s):  
H. Kiriyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Duodenal Lumen ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Plateau Level

Amounts of colostral proteins in lymph and plasma were estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after infusion of bovine colostrum into the duodenal lumen in nonsuckling neonatal pigs. The rate of immunoglobulin (Ig) G transport in lymph of the thoracic duct reached the maximal level (4.7 +/- 1.3 mg.15 min-1.kg body wt-1) within 3 h after the duodenal infusion. The rate of small protein (SP) transport more slowly increased than that of IgG. On the contrary, casein remained in the much lower level in lymph. IgG concentration in plasma increased gradually and reached a plateau level (2.5 +/- 0.9 g/l) 5 h after the infusion, but the levels of SP and casein were slowly and slightly increased in plasma. The IgG-to-casein and SP-to-casein ratios in lymph and plasma were 161:15:1 and 128:12:1 4 h after the infusion, respectively, and much higher than the value in the colostrum (IgG/SP/casein = 15:4:1). These results indicate 1) that IgG transported via lymph flow after absorption through the small intestine is faster than that via blood flow, 2) that the concentration of absorbed IgG is higher than that of absorbed SP and much higher than the concentration of absorbed casein both in the lymph and plasma, and 3) that total amount of colostral protein transported via blood flow is larger than that transported via lymph flow.

scholarly journals BrdUrd labeling of S-phase cells in testes and small intestine of mice, using microwave irradiation for immunogold-silver staining: an immunocytochemical study.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Thoolen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Gold Solution ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Crypt Cells

In this study, BrdUrd labeling of S-phase cells in the small intestine and testes was accomplished using microwave irradiation. In this way crypt cells, spermatogonia, and Leydig cells could be labeled using removable plastic-embedded sections and immunogold-silver staining (IGSS). By using short periods of microwave irradiation for incubation of the monoclonal antibodies and the protein A-colloidal gold solution, the detection of BrdUrd-labeled cells could be remarkably enhanced. A comparative study of BrdUrd labeled spermatogonia in the testis of a Cpb-N mouse that received both [3H]-thymidine and BrdUrd proved that 90% of the BrdUrd-labeled cells also showed [3H]-thymidine labeling. The radioactive [3H]-thymidine labeling was a time-consuming method of 4 weeks' duration, whereas the BrdUrd-labeled cells could be labeled, fixed, enhanced, and counterstained in less than 3 hr. This investigation proves that BrdUrd labeling of S-phase cells can be a reliable, reproductive, rapid, and non-radioactive alternative method for [3H]-thymidine labeling of proliferating cells.

Epithelial Cell Dynamics in Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Neonatal Pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Thake ◽  
H. W. Moon ◽  
G. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis

Tritiated thymidine was given to pigs that had been exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and specimens of small intestine for autoradiographic studies were subsequently obtained. There was villous atrophy in the jejunum and ileum, but not duodenum, of the infected pigs by 48 h after exposure. Rates of migration of epithelial cells were substantially greater, and DNA synthesis occurred at a greater distance from the base of the crypts in the jejunum and ileum of infected than control pigs. Total numbers of labeled cells were two to three times greater in the jejunum and ileum of infected than control pigs. These findings indicate that viral destruction of villous epithelial cells results in an increased rate of cell migration in the jejunum and ileum, which is responsible for the appearance of incompletely differentiated cells on the villi of pigs with transmissible gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals The intestinal-renal axis for arginine synthesis is present and functional in the neonatal pig

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. E233-E242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Marini ◽  
Umang Agarwal ◽  
Jason L. Robinson ◽  
Yang Yuan ◽  
Inka C. Didelija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Plasma Citrulline ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Argininosuccinate Synthase ◽  
Neonatal Pig

The intestinal-renal axis for endogenous arginine synthesis is an interorgan process in which citrulline produced in the small intestine is utilized by the kidney for arginine synthesis. The function of this axis in neonates has been questioned because during this period the enzymes needed for arginine synthesis argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) and lyase (ASL) are present in the gut. However, evidence of high plasma citrulline concentrations in neonates suggests otherwise. We quantified in vivo citrulline production in premature (10 days preterm), neonatal (7 days old), and young pigs (35 days old) using citrulline tracers. Neonatal pigs had higher fluxes (69 µmol·kg−1·h−1, P < 0.001) than premature and young pigs (43 and 45 µmol·kg−1·h−1, respectively). Plasma citrulline concentration was also greater in neonatal pigs than in the other age groups. We also determined the site of synthesis and utilization of citrulline in neonatal and young pigs by measuring organ balances across the gut and the kidney. Citrulline was released from the gut and utilized by the kidney in both neonatal and young pigs. The abundance and localization of the enzymes involved in the synthesis and utilization were determined in intestinal and kidney tissue. Despite the presence of ASS1 and ASL in the neonatal small intestine, the lack of colocalization with the enzymes that produce citrulline results in the release of citrulline by the PDV and its utilization by the kidney to produce arginine. In conclusion, the intestinal-renal axis for arginine synthesis is present in the neonatal pig.

GLP-2 has differential effects on small intestine growth and function in fetal and neonatal pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. R1986-R1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Petersen ◽  
D. G. Burrin ◽  
P. T. Sangild
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation ◽  
Aminopeptidase A ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme ◽  
And Function

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a potent intestinotropic factor in neonatal and adult animals. However, the GLP-2 responsiveness of the fetal intestine has not been established. To determine how stage of development affects the responsiveness to GLP-2, we examined GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) expression, gut morphology, and brush-border enzyme mRNA and activities in late-gestation fetal ( n = 7) and parenterally fed neonatal ( n = 7) piglets given GLP-2 (12.5 nmol/kg) twice daily for 6 days. The GLP-2R was expressed in the fetal and neonatal gastrointestinal tract. The biologically active GLP-2-(1–33) was undetectable (<5 pmol/l) in plasma of 98-day-gestation fetuses but increased significantly toward full term (115 days, 11 ± 1 pmol/l) and in neonates fed by total parenteral nutrition (23 ± 5 pmol/l). Exogenous GLP-2 had no effect on gut growth in fetuses but increased intestinal weight and villus height in neonates ( P < 0.05). Crypt cell proliferation and the enzymes sucrase-isomaltase, lactase-phloridzin hydrolase, aminopeptidase A, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were unchanged by GLP-2 in both groups. Aminopeptidase N mRNA and activity were increased in fetuses, while maltase mRNA and activity were increased in neonates. In conclusion, exogenous GLP-2 had different effects on small intestine growth and function in fetuses and neonates. This may be related to the normal developmental changes in intestine growth and function and to a maturation of the GLP-2R signaling pathways around the time of birth.

scholarly journals Early Postnatal Diets Affect the Bioregional Small Intestine Microbiome and Ileal Metabolome in Neonatal Pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D Piccolo ◽  
Kelly E Mercer ◽  
Sudeepa Bhattacharyya ◽  
Anne K Bowlin ◽  
Manish K Saraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Intestine Microbiome

Abstract Background: Breastfeeding is known to be protective against gastrointestinal disorders and may modify gut development. Although the gut microbiome has been implicated, little is known about how early diet affects the small intestine microbiome. Objective: We hypothesized that disparate early diets would promote unique microbial profiles in the small intestines of neonatal pigs. Methods: Male and female 2-d-old White Dutch Landrace pigs were either sow fed or provided dairy (Similac Advance powder; Ross Products Abbott Laboratories) or soy (Enfamil Prosobee Lipil powder; Mead Johnson Nutritionals) infant formulas until day 21. Bacterial ecology was assessed in the contents of the small intestine through the use of 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. α-Diversity, β-diversity, and differential abundances of operational taxonomic units were assessed by ANOVA, permutational ANOVA, and negative binomial regression, respectively. Ileum tissue metabolomics were measured by LC-mass spectrometry and assessed by weighted correlation network analysis. Results: Greater α-diversity was observed in the duodena of sow-fed compared with formula-fed neonatal pigs (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the ilea. Firmicutes represented the most abundant phylum across all diets in duodena (78.8%, 80.1%, and 53.4% relative abundance in sow, dairy, and soy groups, respectively), followed by Proteobacteria in sow (12.2%) and dairy (12.4%) groups and Cyanobacteria in soy-fed (36.2%) pigs. In contrast to those in the duodenum, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the ileum, with >60% relative abundance in all of the groups. In the duodenum, 77 genera were altered by diet, followed by 48 in the jejunum and 19 in the ileum. Metabolomics analyses revealed associations between ileum tissue metabolites (e.g., acylcarnitines, 3-aminoisobutyric acid) and diet-responsive microbial genera. Conclusions: These results indicate that the neonatal diet has regional effects on the small intestine microbiome in pigs, with the most pronounced effects occurring in the duodena. Regional effects may be important factors when considering gut tissue metabolism and development in the postnatal period.

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