Substrate degradation by a mutualistic association of two species in the Chemostat

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahnut Burchard
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Mutualistic Association

Use of a sequencing batch biofilter for degradation of azo dyes (acids and bases)

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quezada ◽  
I. Linares ◽  
G. Buitrón
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Basic Red 46

The degradation of azo dyes in an aerobic biofilter operated in an SBR system was studied. The azo dyes studied were Acid Red 151 and a textile effluent containing basic dyes (Basic Blue 41, Basic Red 46 and 16 and Basic Yellow 28 and 19). In the case of Acid Red 151 a maximal substrate degradation rate of 288 mg AR 151/lliquid·d was obtained and degradation efficiencies were between 60 and 99%. Mineralization studies showed that 73% (as carbon) of the initial azo dye was transformed to CO2 by the consortia. The textile effluent was efficiently biodegraded by the reactor. A maximal removal rate of 2.3 kg COD/lliquid·d was obtained with removal efficiencies (as COD) varying from 76 to 97%. In all the cycles the system presented 80% of colour removal.

Control of substrate degradation IN InP LPE growth with PH3 partial pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Clawson ◽  
W.Y. Lum ◽  
G.E. McWilliams
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Substrate Degradation

Substrate degradation enzyme therapy (SDET) for mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. S140
Author(s):  
Shunji Tomatsu ◽  
Kazuki Sawamoto ◽  
Tokiko Sakai ◽  
Ikue Kitazawa ◽  
Hideyuki Futatsumori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type ◽  
Enzyme Therapy ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type Iva

scholarly journals Targeted substrate degradation by Kelch controls the actin cytoskeleton during ring canal expansion

Development ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. dev169219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Hudson ◽  
Katelynn M. Mannix ◽  
Julianne A. Gerdes ◽  
Molly C. Kottemann ◽  
Lynn Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Ring Canal ◽  
Substrate Degradation

scholarly journals Adaptability of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to proteolytic and folding stressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Work ◽  
Onn Brandman
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Substrate Stability ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Proteolytic Stress ◽  
Stress Dependent

Aging, disease, and environmental stressors are associated with failures in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), yet a quantitative understanding of how stressors affect the proteome and how the UPS responds is lacking. Here we assessed UPS performance and adaptability in yeast under stressors using quantitative measurements of misfolded substrate stability and stress-dependent UPS regulation by the transcription factor Rpn4. We found that impairing degradation rates (proteolytic stress) and generating misfolded proteins (folding stress) elicited distinct effects on the proteome and on UPS adaptation. Folding stressors stabilized proteins via aggregation rather than overburdening the proteasome, as occurred under proteolytic stress. Still, the UPS productively adapted to both stressors using separate mechanisms: proteolytic stressors caused Rpn4 stabilization while folding stressors increased RPN4 transcription. In some cases, adaptation completely prevented loss of UPS substrate degradation. Our work reveals the distinct effects of proteotoxic stressors and the versatility of cells in adapting the UPS.

scholarly journals Ccr4 is a novel shuttle factor required for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by the 26S proteasome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganapathi Kandasamy ◽  
Ashis Kumar Pradhan ◽  
R Palanimurugan
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Proteasomal Degradation ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

AbstractDegradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins are essential for normal cellular homeostasis. In eukaryotes, such unstable cellular proteins are selectively degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Furthermore, abnormalities in protein degradation by the UPS have been linked to several human diseases. Ccr4 protein is a known component of the Ccr4-Not complex, which has established roles in transcription, mRNA de-adenylation and RNA degradation etc. Excitingly in this study, we show that Ccr4 protein has a novel function as a shuttle factor that promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of short-lived proteins by the 26S proteasome. Using a substrate of the well-studied ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) pathway, we found that its UPS-mediated degradation was severely impaired upon deletion of CCR4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, we show that Ccr4 binds to cellular ubiquitin conjugates and the proteasome. In contrast to Ccr4, most other subunits of the Ccr4-Not complex proteins are dispensable for UFD substrate degradation. From our findings we conclude that Ccr4 functions in the UPS as a shuttle factor targeting ubiquitylated substrates for proteasomal degradation.

scholarly journals Antifungals, arthropods and antifungal resistance prevention: lessons from ecological interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1944) ◽  
pp. 20202716
Author(s):  
Steve Kett ◽  
Ayush Pathak ◽  
Stefano Turillazzi ◽  
Duccio Cavalieri ◽  
Massimiliano Marvasi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mutualistic Association

Arthropods can produce a wide range of antifungal compounds, including specialist proteins, cuticular products, venoms and haemolymphs. In spite of this, many arthropod taxa, particularly eusocial insects, make use of additional antifungal compounds derived from their mutualistic association with microbes. Because multiple taxa have evolved such mutualisms, it must be assumed that, under certain ecological circumstances, natural selection has favoured them over those relying upon endogenous antifungal compound production. Further, such associations have been shown to persist versus specific pathogenic fungal antagonists for more than 50 million years, suggesting that compounds employed have retained efficacy in spite of the pathogens' capacity to develop resistance. We provide a brief overview of antifungal compounds in the arthropods’ armoury, proposing a conceptual model to suggest why their use remains so successful. Fundamental concepts embedded within such a model may suggest strategies by which to reduce the rise of antifungal resistance within the clinical milieu.

scholarly journals Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Gagliardi ◽  
Valentina Totino ◽  
Fatima Cacciotti ◽  
Valerio Iebba ◽  
Bruna Neroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Predatory Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Mutualistic Association ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular syndrome, allergy, and asthma). Dysbiosis status has been related to various important pathologies, and many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem have been implemented. These strategies include the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; phage therapy; fecal transplantation; bacterial consortium transplantation; and a still poorly investigated approach based on predatory bacteria. This review discusses the various aspects of these strategies to counteract intestinal dysbiosis.

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