Electroretinographic off-response in congenital red-green color deficiency and its genetic carrier

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohiko Nakazato ◽  
Hidetoshi Hanazaki ◽  
Kazuo Kawasaki ◽  
Jhoji Tanabe ◽  
Daizo Yonemura
Keyword(s):  
Green Color ◽  
Color Deficiency

scholarly journals Perception of color emotions for single colors in red-green defective observers

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Sato ◽  
Takaaki Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Human Color Vision ◽  
Color Deficiency ◽  
Color Emotion

It is estimated that inherited red-green color deficiency, which involves both the protan and deutan deficiency types, is common in men. For red-green defective observers, some reddish colors appear desaturated and brownish, unlike colors seen by normal observers. Despite its prevalence, few studies have investigated the effects that red-green color deficiency has on the psychological properties of colors (color emotions). The current study investigated the influence of red-green color deficiency on the following six color emotions: cleanliness, freshness, hardness, preference, warmth, and weight. Specifically, this study aimed to: (1) reveal differences between normal and red-green defective observers in rating patterns of six color emotions; (2) examine differences in color emotions related to the three cardinal channels in human color vision; and (3) explore relationships between color emotions and color naming behavior. Thirteen men and 10 women with normal vision and 13 men who were red-green defective performed both a color naming task and an emotion rating task with 32 colors from the Berkeley Color Project (BCP). Results revealed noticeable differences in the cleanliness and hardness ratings between the normal vision observers, particularly in women, and red-green defective observers, which appeared mainly for colors in the orange to cyan range, and in the preference and warmth ratings for colors with cyan and purple hues. Similarly, naming errors also mainly occurred in the cyan colors. A regression analysis that included the three cone-contrasts (i.e., red-green, blue-yellow, and luminance) as predictors significantly accounted for variability in color emotion ratings for the red-green defective observers as much as the normal individuals. Expressly, for warmth ratings, the weight of the red-green opponent channel was significantly lower in color defective observers than in normal participants. In addition, the analyses for individual warmth ratings in the red-green defective group revealed that luminance cone-contrast was a significant predictor in most red-green-defective individuals. Together, these results suggest that red-green defective observers tend to rely on the blue-yellow channel and luminance to compensate for the weak sensitivity of long- and medium-wavelength (L-M) cone-contrasts, when rating color warmth.

Failure of concordance of the Farnsworth D15 test and the Nagel anomaloscope matching range in anomalous trichromatism

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER BIRCH
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Reference Test ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Gold Standard Reference ◽  
Green Mixture ◽  
Color Deficiency

The Farnsworth D15 test (D15) was developed for use in occupational guidance. People with significant color deficiency, including all dichromats are expected to fail and people with slight color deficiency are expected to pass. Pass is a circular results diagram and fail an interlacing pattern with one or more red-green isochromatic errors (Farnsworth, 1947). The Nagel anomaloscope is a “gold standard” reference test for identifying and classifying red-green color deficiency. The matching range on the red/green mixture scale indicates the severity of the discrimination deficit. Pass/fail results for the D15 are presented for 107 protanomalous and 410 deuteranomalous trichromats and compared with the anomaloscope matching range. Thirty-six percent of the subjects examined failed the D15. Protanomalous trichromats are able to utilize perceived luminance contrast to obtain good results on the D15 but 42% of these subjects failed the D15 compared with 35% of deuteranomalous subjects. Failure of the D15 was clearly related to the Nagel matching range in deuteranomalous trichromatism but not in protanomalous trichromatism. For example, 84% of deuteranomalous subjects with matching ranges > 30 scale units failed the D15 but only 2% with matching ranges < 9 scale units were unsuccessful. In comparison, 53% of protanomalous subjects with matching ranges > 15 scale units and 33% of subjects with matching ranges < 5 scale units were unsuccessful. Protanomalous trichromats with apparently minimal color deficiency are therefore shown to have poor practical hue discrimination ability as measured with this test.

Red-Green Color Deficiency and Compensatory Learning: An Experimental Critique

1960 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alvin G. Goldstein ◽  
C. Robert Borresen
Keyword(s):  
Green Color ◽  
Color Deficiency

Color image evaluation of congenital red-green color deficient and normal color vision observers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Miyoshi Ayama ◽  
Minoru Ohkoba ◽  
Kahori Tanaka ◽  
Tomoharu Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Evaluation ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Color Deficiency ◽  
Color Combinations

How and to what extent the increase of Cab * affects on various subjective evaluations for congenital red-green color deficiency (CVD) and normal color vision (NCV) observers was investigated using scenery, food, and graph images. Results of "Pale vs Deep" evaluation indicate similar tendency for all color vision types in all test images, indicating that CVDs recognize the saturation change of images similar to NCVs using some kind of strategy. Individual differences of the CVDs in the results of other adjective pairs such as "Unnatural vs Natural" are generally larger than those of NCVs. Some color combinations in the graph images are indiscriminable for either protan or deutan, and thus are not recommended to be used.

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