Influence of Norway spruce seedlings on the nutrient availability in mineral soil and forest floor material

1995 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G�ran Hallsby
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Floor Material

Interactions between deadwood and soil characteristics in a natural boreal trembling aspen – jack pine stand1This article is one of a selection of papers from the International Symposium on Dynamics and Ecological Services of Deadwood in Forest Ecosystems.

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Pascal Drouin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trembling Aspen

Decaying wood contribution to the heterogeneity of forest soils could depend on tree species and wood decay stage. The study was conducted in an 85-year-old trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) – jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in northwestern Quebec, Canada. Trees, snags, logs, and forest floor originating from wood buried within the forest floor (lignic FF) and from fine litter (alignic FF) were inventoried in fifteen 400 m2 plots (nine jack pine and six trembling aspen). Chemical properties of alignic and lignic FF and logs were measured and relative nutrient availability in the mineral soil assessed under logs and under lignic and alignic FF using PRS probes. No significant differences between forest covers were found for the proportion of C and nutrients contained in deadwood (snags, logs, and lignic FF) relative to tree biomass plus necromass (deadwood plus alignic FF) content. Lignic FF was characterized by a higher C/N ratio and exchangeable acidity than alignic FF and its nutrient concentrations were between those of alignic FF and logs. Differences in wood characteristics may explain some of the differences in forest floor properties observed between trembling aspen and jack pine. Nutrient availability in the mineral soil was affected by the overlaying materials and could reflect differences in the dynamics of individual nutrients.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Spatial Variability in Nitrogen Processing in Nitrogen-Saturated Soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Gilliam ◽  
Frank C.C. Somerville ◽  
Frank N.L. Lyttle ◽  
Frank M.B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
N Saturation ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Floor Material

Nitrogen (N) saturation is an environmental concern for forests in the eastern U.S. Although several watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF), West Virginia exhibit symptoms of N saturation, many watersheds display a high degree of spatial variability in soil N processing. This study examined the effects of temperature on net N mineralization and nitrification in N-saturated soils from FEF, and how these effects varied between high N-processing vs. low N-processing soils collected from two watersheds, WS3 (fertilized with [NH4]2SO4) and WS4 (untreated control). Samples of forest floor material (O1 horizon) and mineral soil (to a 5-cm depth) were taken from three subplots within each of four plots that represented the extremes of highest and lowest rates of net N mineralization and nitrification (hereafter, high N and low N, respectively) of untreated WS4 and N-treated WS3: control/low N, control/high N, N-treated/low N, N-treated/high N. Forest floor material was analyzed for carbon (C), lignin, and N. Subsamples of mineral soil were extracted immediately with 1 N KCl and analyzed for NH4+ and NO3-to determine preincubation levels. Extracts were also analyzed for Mg, Ca, Al, and pH. To test the hypothesis that the lack of net nitrification observed in field incubations on the untreated/low N plot was the result of absence of nitrifier populations, we characterized the bacterial community involved in N cycling by amplification of amoA genes. Remaining soil was incubated for 28 d at three temperatures (10, 20, and 30°C), followed by 1 NKCl extraction and analysis for NH4+and NO3-. Net nitrification was essentially 100% of net N mineralization for all samples combined. Nitrification rates from lab incubations at all temperatures supported earlier observations based on field incubations. At 30°C, rates from N-treated/high N were three times those of N-treated/low N. Highest rates were found for untreated/high N (two times greater than those of N-treated/high N), whereas untreated/low N exhibited no net nitrification. However, soils exhibiting no net nitrification tested positive for presence of nitrifying bacteria, causing us to reject our initial hypothesis. We hypothesize that nitrifier populations in such soil are being inhibited by a combination of low Ca to Al ratios in mineral soil and allelopathic interactions with mycorrhizae of ericaceous species in the herbaceous layer.

Forest floor and soil nutrient status under Norway spruce and red pine in a plantation in southern Quebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fyles ◽  
B. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Tree Species Effects

The influence of 40 years of red pine and Norway spruce growth on forest floor and soil nutrient status was examined in a well-replicated series of plantation blocks established on abandoned agricultural land. Concentrations of N, P, K and Ca, and mass of organic matter and all nutrients in the forest floor were higher under spruce than under pine. In the mineral soil, concentrations of exchangeable K and Ca were higher under spruce whereas Mg, extractable P and mineralizable N did not differ between the species. Forest floor pH was higher under spruce but mineral soil pH did not differ between the species. The soil characteristics reflected litter chemistry of the two species. Relative to pine, spruce foliage litter was consistently higher in nutrient concentration and had lower acidity and higher ash bases. The results are inconsistent with the reputation of Norway spruce as a species that strongly acidifies soils, an observation that may be the result of elevated levels of Ca and K in our soils relative to those in other studies where acidification has been observed. This research demonstrates that soil fertility can be altered significantly by tree species effects over the period of a single rotation. Key words: Forest soil fertility, plantation, acidity, forest floor, leaf litter

scholarly journals Decomposition rates of surface and buried forest-floor material

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1140-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
Anya Reid ◽  
Shu Yao Wu ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Regional Climates ◽  
Floor Material

Mechanical site preparation is assumed to reduce soil C stocks by increasing the rate at which the displaced organic material decomposes, but the evidence is equivocal. We measured rates of C loss of forest-floor material in mesh bags either placed on the surface or buried in the mineral soil at four sites in different regional climates in British Columbia. During the 3-year incubation, buried forest-floor material lost between 5% and 15% more C mass than material on the surface, with the greatest difference occurring at the site with the lowest annual precipitation. Studies of the long-term fate of buried and surface humus are needed to understand the net effects of site preparation on soil C stocks.

Molybdenum at German Norway spruce sites: contents and mobility

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Lang ◽  
Martin Kaupenjohann
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover ◽  
Acid Forest Soils ◽  
Mineral Soils

Molybdenum plays an important role in the nitrogen turnover of ecosystems. However, very little is known about Mo availability in forest soils. We measured the oxalate-extractable Mo concentrations of acid forest soils, the Mo, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate fluxes from the organic forest floor into the mineral soil using resin tubes and the Mo concentrations of the tree needles at 28 different Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sites in southern Germany. The supply of oxalate-extractable Mo varied from 51 to 3400 g·ha-1, with the lowest values occurring in sandstone-derived soils (370 ± 212 g·ha-1; mean ± SD). Molybdenum concentrations of current-year needles were in the range of 5 to 48 ng·g-1. The Mo needle concentrations and oxalate-extractable Mo of soils did not correlate. However, Mo fluxes (6-60 g·ha-1·a-1) from the organic forest floor into the mineral soils were correlated to needle concentrations and to the NO3 fluxes. We conclude that Mo turnover within forest ecosystems is governed by Mo plant availability of mineral soils as well as by plant Mo uptake. In addition, Mo cycling strongly affects Mo distribution within soil profiles and Mo fluxes out of the organic layer.

Asymbiotic nitrogen fixation and denitrification in a mature forest in coastal British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Cushon ◽  
M. C. Feller
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Floor Material

Gaseous nitrogen inputs due to asymbiotic nitrogen fixation and outputs due to biological denitrification were estimated for a mature mid-successional Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco–Thujaplicata Donn–Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forest in southwestern British Columbia. Forest floor material, mineral soil, decaying wood, foliage, and bark were incubated in an atmosphere of 10 kPa C2H2 to allow the simultaneous measurement of N2O production by denitrifying bacteria and C2H2 reduction by free-living bacteria and blue-green algae. Forest floor material accounted for 70% of an estimated total annual nitrogen fixation of 0.3 kg N•ha−1•year −1.•Relatively small amounts of nitrogen were fixed in mineral soil, decaying wood, and foliage, and no indication of nitrogen fixation activity in bark was detected. Some denitrification was found; it was essentially negligible, although possibly underestimated. The net gaseous nitrogen input into the mid-successional forests of the study area is likely to be < 5% of the total net nitrogen inputs, which are primarily from precipitation.

Effect of colonizing tree species on soil nutrient availability in a clay soil of the boreal mixedwood

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paré ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Time Since Fire ◽  
Paper Birch

Soil nutrient availability was assessed around stems of trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.) that regenerated after fire 49, 77, and 123 years ago on a clayey soil of the southern boreal forest. For all stand ages, forest floor pH was greater by 0.5 unit under aspen than under other species, while the accumulation of organic matter and nutrients was generally greater in the forest floor of spruce. With time since fire, forest floor pH and mineral soil reserves of nitrogen (N) and exchangeable calcium declined significantly, while the C/N ratio increased, perhaps as a result of nutrient immobilization in the aggrading biomass. Net N mineralization and nitrification, measured by aerobic laboratory incubations, were higher under birch and aspen than under spruce in the forest floor and the mineral soil of the youngest stand (49 years old). However, in older stands, these parameters were significantly lower, and no significant differences were found between soils of deciduous and coniferous species. These results suggest that a decrease in N availability with time since fire was caused by factors other than the generally assumed succession to coniferous trees.

Nitrogen storage and availability during stand development in a New Zealand Nothofagus forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Clinton ◽  
R B Allen ◽  
M R Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Storage ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Mature Stands

Stemwood production, N pools, and N availability were determined in even-aged (10, 25, 120, and >150-year-old) stands of a monospecific mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) forest in New Zealand recovering from catastrophic canopy disturbance brought about by windthrow. Nitrogen was redistributed among stemwood biomass, coarse woody debris (CWD), the forest floor, and mineral soil following disturbance. The quantity of N in stemwood biomass increased from less than 1 kg/ha in seedling stands (10 years old) to ca. 500 kg/ha in pole stands (120 years old), but decreased in mature stands (>150 years old). In contrast, the quantity of N stored in CWD declined rapidly with stand development. Although the mass of N stored in the forest floor was greatest in the pole stands and least in the mature stands, N availability in the forest floor did not vary greatly with stand development. The mass of N in the mineral soil (0–100 mm depth) was also similar for all stands. Foliar N concentrations, net N mineralization, and mineralizable N in the mineral soil (0–100 mm depth) showed similar patterns with stage of stand development, and indicated that N availability was greater in sapling (25 years old) and mature stands than in seedling and pole stands. We conclude that declining productivity in older stands is associated more with reductions in cation availability, especially calcium, than N availability.

scholarly journals Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Balestrini ◽  
Carlo Andrea Delconte ◽  
Andrea Buffagni ◽  
Alessio Fumagalli ◽  
Michele Freppaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Forest Floor Leachates ◽  
Throughfall Deposition

A number of studies have reported decreasing trends of acidifying and N deposition inputs to forest areas throughout Europe and the USA in recent decades. There is a need to assess the responses of the ecosystem to declining atmospheric pollution by monitoring the variations of chemical species in the various compartments of the forest ecosystem on a long temporal scale. In this study, we report on patterns and trends in throughfall deposition concentrations of inorganic N, dissolved organic N (DON) and C (DOC) over a 20-year (1995–2015) period in the LTER site -Val Masino (1190 m a.s.l.), a spruce forest, in the Central Italian Alps. The same chemical species were studied in the litter floor leachates and mineral soil solution, at three different depths (15, 40 and 70 cm), over a 10-year period (2005–2015). Inorganic N concentration was drastically reduced as throughfall and litter floor leachates percolated through the topsoil, where the measured mean values (2 µeq L-1) were much lower than the critical limits established for coniferous stands (14 µeq L-1). The seasonal temperature dependence of throughfall DOC and DON concentration suggests that the microbial community living on the needles was the main source of dissolved organic matter. Most of DOC and DON infiltrating from the litter floor were retained in the mineral soil. The rainfall amount was the only climatic factor exerting a control on DOC and N compounds in throughfall and forest floor leachates over a decadal period. Concentration of SO4 and NO3 declined by 50% and 26% respectively in throughfall deposition. Trends of NO3 and SO4 in forest floor leachates and mineral soil solution mirrored declining depositions. No trends in both DON and DOC concentration and in DOC/DON ratio in soil solutions were observed. These outcomes suggest that the declining NO3 and SO4 atmospheric inputs did not influence the dynamic of DON and DOC in the Val Masino forest. The results of this study are particularly relevant, as they are based on a comprehensive survey of all the main compartments of the forest ecosystem. Moreover, this kind of long-term research has rarely been carried out in the Alpine region.

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