Pattern electroretinogram: Effects of reference electrode position

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vernon Odom ◽  
Tom M. Maida ◽  
William W. Dawson ◽  
Robert Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Pattern Electroretinogram ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Reference Electrode Position

Ulnar motor study to first dorsal interosseous: Best reference electrode position and normative data

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph M. Buschbacher ◽  
Ozun Bayindir ◽  
James Malec ◽  
Gulseren Akyuz
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseous ◽  
Reference Electrode Position

Reference Electrode Position for Gastrointestinal Transmucosal Potential Difference (P.D.) Measurement

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 39P-39P
Author(s):  
B.J. Collins ◽  
R.A.J. Spence ◽  
R.J. McFarland ◽  
T.G. Parks ◽  
A.H.G. Love
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Reference Electrode Position

scholarly journals The Effect of Reference Electrode Position in Cochlear Implants

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Ramos Miguel ◽  
Angel Ramos Macías ◽  
Jaime Viera Artiles ◽  
María Teresa Perez Zaballos
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Reference Electrode Position

Influence of Recording Electrode Type and Reference Electrode Position on the Canine Electroretinogram

2005 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E. Mentzer ◽  
Danielle M. Eifler ◽  
Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira ◽  
Nalinee Tuntivanich ◽  
Janice Q. Forcier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Recording Electrode ◽  
Reference Electrode Position

Effect of reference electrode position on the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) onset latency

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulapar Phongsamart ◽  
Jacqueline J. Wertsch ◽  
Mohammed Ferdjallah ◽  
John C. King ◽  
D. Terrence Foster
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Reference Electrode Position

Transcutaneous electrovesicography

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shafik ◽  
A.A. Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Symphysis Pubis ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Pubic Tubercle ◽  
Pacesetter Potentials ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Regular Rhythm

Transcutaneous electrovesicography was performed in 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 41.6 years, 12 men and 10 women) with the urinary bladder (UB) both full and empty. The study was performed also in 9 cystectomy patients who had had bladder cancer (mean age 37.6 years, 6 men and 3 women). Optimal electrode position was established by locating one electrode above and lateral to each pubic tubercle and a 3rd one above the symphysis pubis. A reference electrode was applied to a lower limb. A strain gauge respiratory transducer was attached to the thoracic wall. Pacesetter potentials (PPs) were recorded from both the full and empty UB. The PPs were triphasic and had the same frequency, amplitude and regular rhythm when repeated in the individuai subject. PPs recorded from the empty UB had the same character but a lower amplitude than those recorded from the full UB. Ali of the cystectomy patients had a ‘silent’ electrovesicogram. In conclusion, electrovesicography could be performed transcutaneously. It may be a useful investigative method in the diagnosis of vesical disorders. It is safe, simple, without complications and cost-effective.

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