Solar flares and solar wind helium enrichments: July 1965?July 1967

Solar Physics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hirshberg ◽  
S. J. Bame ◽  
D. E. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Flares

scholarly journals Four Subjects in Solar Physics from the Point of View of the Electric Current Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Syun-Ichi Akasofu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Coronal Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electromagnetic Processes ◽  
Difficult Subjects

Four major subjects in solar physics, the heating of the corona, the cause of the solar wind, the formation of sunspots and the cause of solar flares, are discussed on the basis of the electric current approach, a sequence of processes consisting of power supply(dynamo), transmission (currents/circuits) and dissipation(high coronal temperature, solar wind, sunspots and solar flares).This is because the four subjects have hardly been considered in terms of the electric current approach in the past, in spite of the fact that these subjects are various manifestations of electromagnetic processes. It is shown that this approach provides a new systematic way of considering each subject; (1) the long-standing issue of the coronal temperature, (2)the long-standing problem on the cause of the solar wind, (3)the presence of single spots(forgotten or dismissed in the past) and its relation to unipolar magnetic regions and (4) the crucial power/energy source and subsequent explosive processes of solar flares. The four subjects are obviously extremely complicated and difficult subjects, but it is hoped that the electric current approach might provide a new insight in considering the four subjects.

Magnetic Reconnection in the Earth's Magnetotail

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W Hones Jr
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Magnetospheric Substorms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Over the past few years satellite observations of the plasma sheet in the Earth's magnetotail during magnetospheric substorms have established beyond reasonable doubt that magnetic reconnection occurs in the magnetotail and that it plays a central role in the substorm process. The features seen at Earth by which substorms were originally identified (e.g. the auroras and geomagnetic disturbances) are simply superficial manifestations of a more fundamental physical process-the magnetosphere divesting itself of stored energy and plasma that was acquired earlier from the solar wind. It does so by shedding a part of its plasma sheet. This is accomplished by magnetic reconnection near the Earth that severs the plasma sheet, forming a plasmoid that flows out of the tail and that is lost to the solar wind. Recognition of the existence of plasmoids and our developing understanding of them have been important elements in confirming the occurrence of reconnection in the magnetosphere. In an analogous way, the best evidence for the occurrence of reconnection on the Sun has come from observations of closed magnetic configurations (plasmoids) in the solar wind and in the corona. But while magnetic reconnection is certainly the key ingredient in solar flares and substorms, analogies between them should not be carried too far, because there are basic differences in the environments in which they prevail and in the physical procesSes that lead to their occurrence.

Failure to forecast: A case study in nowcasting and forecasting the eruption of a coronal mass ejection and its geomagnetic impacts on Dec 7-10, 2020. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gallagher ◽  
Sophie Murray ◽  
John Malone-Leigh ◽  
Joan Campanyà ◽  
Alberto Cañizares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Simple Event ◽  
Mass Ejection

<p>Forecasting solar flares based on while-light images and photospheric magnetograms of sunspots is notoriously challenging, while accurate forecasting of coronal mass ejections (CME) is still in its infancy. That said, the chances of a CME being launched is more likely following a flare. CMEs launched from the western hemisphere and “halo” CMEs are the most likely to be geomagnetically impactful, but forecasting their arrival and impact at Earth depends on how well their velocity is known near the Sun, the solar wind conditions between the Sun and the Earth, the accuracy of theoretical models and on the orientation of the CME magnetic field.  In this presentation, we describe a well observed active region, flare, CME, radio burst and sudden geomagnetic impulse that was observed on December 7-10, 2020 by a slew of instruments (SDO, ACE, DSCOVR, PSP, US and European magnetometers). This was a solar eruption that was not expected, but the CME and resulting geomagnetic impact should have been straight-forward to model and forecast. What can we learn from our failure to forecast this simple event and its impacts at Earth? </p>

The record of solar and galactic radiations in the ancient lunar regolith and their implications for the early history of the Sun and Moon

1977 ◽  
Vol 285 (1327) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Flare Activity ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Grains

A variety of techniques are available for studying past variations of solar wind, solar flares, galactic cosmic rays, and micrometeorites. Lumar rock results which average over the recent past ( ~ 10 Ma) indicate no major changes in any of these components. At longer times, recent data suggest secular changes in the 15N/14N ratio in the solar wind, possibly due to enhanced solar flare activity. With the deployment of new techniques, it now appears possible to measure solar wind, solar flare, and micrometeorite records in individual grains removed from different layers of lunar cores. Such grains have been exposed for brief intervals of time (103-104 a) for times extending at least 109 a in the past. Lunar and meteoritic breccias are promising candidates for extending the record back still further, perhaps close to the beginning of the solar system.

POSSIBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE EARTHQUAKES TREMORS ONSET IN THE YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO’S SEISMIC ZONE AND INFLUENCE OF SOLAR FLARE PLASMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
DMITRIY GONSIROVSKYI
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Solar Wind Origin ◽  
Solar Wind Parameters

The correlation between solar flares and coronal mass ejections generating solar wind plasma flows towards the Earth and the dynamics in time and power of earthquakes in the area of the Yellowstone supervolcano, that was not previously studied, is considered in four examples. The method of graphical correlation between the values of solar wind parameters, which bursts are directly related to the activation of solar processes, and subsequent increases in the values of earthquake magnitudes and their repeatability was used as a research tool. The author assumes that an additional energy input occurs to shallow earthquake foci and increases their power due to the action of breakthrough injections of plasma clumps into the Earth’s near-surface area detached into the magnetosphere geo-effective solar wind components. The problem under discussion is considered to be acute in connection with the work carried out here to predict a volcanic eruption. In the general scientific plan, it is proposed to include earthquakes study in programs of education as one of points for registration the influence of factors of solar-wind origin.

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