Accounting for the missing carbon-sink with the CO2-fertilization effect

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon S. Kheshgi ◽  
Atul K. Jain ◽  
Donald J. Wuebbles
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect ◽  
Missing Carbon Sink

scholarly journals Mediterranean irrigation under climate change: more efficient irrigation needed to compensate increases in irrigation water requirements

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 8459-8504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fader ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
W. von Bloh ◽  
A. Bondeau ◽  
W. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Abstract. Irrigation in the Mediterranean is of vital importance for food security, employment and economic development. This study systematically assesses how climate change and increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect irrigation requirements in the Mediterranean region by 2080–2090. Future demographic change and technological improvements in irrigation systems are accounted for, as is the spread of climate forcing, warming levels and potential realization of the CO2-fertilization effect. Vegetation growth, phenology, agricultural production and irrigation water requirements and withdrawal were simulated with the process-based ecohydrological and agro-ecosystem model LPJmL after a large development that comprised the improved representation of Mediterranean crops. At present the Mediterranean region could save 35 % of water by implementing more efficient irrigation and conveyance systems. Some countries like Syria, Egypt and Turkey have higher saving potentials than others. Currently some crops, especially sugar cane and agricultural trees, consume in average more irrigation water per hectare than annual crops. Different crops show different magnitude of changes in net irrigation requirements due to climate change, being the increases most pronounced in agricultural trees. The Mediterranean area as a whole might face an increase in gross irrigation requirements between 4 and 18 % from climate change alone if irrigation systems and conveyance are not improved (2 °C global warming combined with full CO2-fertilization effect, and 5 °C global warming combined with no CO2-fertilization effect, respectively). Population growth increases these numbers to 22 and 74 %, respectively, affecting mainly the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean. However, improved irrigation technologies and conveyance systems have large water saving potentials, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean, and may be able to compensate to some degree the increases due to climate change and population growth. Both subregions would need around 35 % more water than today if they could afford some degree of modernization of irrigation and conveyance systems and benefit from the CO2-fertilization effect. Nevertheless, water scarcity might pose further challenges to the agricultural sector: Algeria, Libya, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Serbia, Morocco, Tunisia and Spain have a high risk of not being able to sustainably meet future irrigation water requirements in some scenarios. The results presented in this study point to the necessity of performing further research on climate-friendly agro-ecosystems in order to assess, on the one side, their degree of resilience to climate shocks, and on the other side, their adaptation potential when confronted with higher temperatures and changes in water availability.

scholarly journals Modelling the seasonal contribution of a CO2 fertilization effect of the terrestrial vegetation to the amplitude increase in atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa Observatory

Tellus B ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundolf H. Kohlmaier ◽  
Ernst-Olof Siré ◽  
Alex Janecek ◽  
Charles D. Keeling ◽  
Stephen C. Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Amplitude Increase ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect

scholarly journals Attributing forest responses to global-change drivers: limited evidence of a CO2 -fertilization effect in Iberian pine growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2220-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Antonio Gazol ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif ◽  
France Conciatori
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect

The Power of Monitoring Stations and a CO2 Fertilization Effect: Evidence from Causal Relationships between NDVI and Carbon Dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Kaufmann ◽  
L. F. Paletta ◽  
H. Q. Tian ◽  
R. B. Myneni ◽  
R. D. D’Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Terrestrial Biota ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Abstract Two hypotheses are tested: 1) monitoring stations (e.g., Mauna Loa) are not able to measure changes in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 that are generated by changes in terrestrial vegetation at distant locations; 2) changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide do not affect terrestrial vegetation at large scales under conditions that now exist in situ, by estimating statistical models of the relationship between satellite measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa and Point Barrow. To go beyond simple correlations, the notion of Granger causality is used. Results indicate that the authors are able to identify locations where and months when disturbances to the terrestrial biota “Granger cause” atmospheric CO2. The authors are also able to identify locations where and months when disturbances to the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide generate changes in NDVI. Together, these results provide large-scale support for a CO2 fertilization effect and an independent empirical basis on which observations at monitoring stations can be used to test hypotheses and validate models regarding effect of the terrestrial biota on atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document