On measuring national integration in regionally divided societies

Since late 2010 and early 2011, the Arab region has witnessed mass protests in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Bahrain and other countries that have been referred to in the political, media and other literature as the Arab Spring. These movements have had a profound effect on the stability of the regimes Which took place against it, as leaders took off and contributed to radical reforms in party structures and public freedoms and the transfer of power, but it also contributed to the occurrence of many countries in an internal spiral, which led to the erosion of the state from the inside until it became a prominent feature of the Arab) as is the case in Syria, Libya, Yemen and Iraq.

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National Integration and Sustainable Development of Nigeria: The Emergent Issues

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) ◽

10.29322/ijsrp.9.05.2019.p8962 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. p8962

Author(s):

Mohammed Lawal Salahu ◽

Yakubu Ahmed Ilyasu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

National Integration

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The quest for national integration : a reflection on Nigeria, Ethiopia and South Africa

African Renaissance ◽

10.31920/2516-5305/2019/v16n3a13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 249-272

Author(s):

Nelson Goldpin Obah-Akpowoghaha ◽

Victor Ojakorotu

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

National Integration

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Konflik Kekerasan, Otonomi Daerah dan Integrasi Nasional

Jurnal Desentralisasi ◽

10.37378/jd.2010.5.35-42 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Kusnanto Anggoro

Keyword(s):

Early Warning ◽

Social Economic ◽

Corrective Action ◽

Demographic Changes ◽

Local Autonomy ◽

Foreseeable Future ◽

National Integration ◽

Pattern Change ◽

The Social ◽

Cultural Tensions

In a decade of reform, several changes had been occurred. Some adjustments could be considered as a success, while others potentially could trigger conflicts. Historical conflict remnants in Indonesia were hard to restrain. Hence, national integration remains crucial in the foreseeable future. Local autonomy could be an avenue to resolve the problem of national integration in a particular context. However, local autonomy could result in the reverse end. In the midst of conflict pattern change and development over the last decade, bureaucracy (local and national) has to be able to foresee any sign of conflict (early warning) in order to be able to anticipate. Conflict recognition could be observed through various indications, ranging from demographic changes, deterioration of the social-economic situation, and/or cultural tensions. Failure to do corrective action on such deviation would lead to a greater risk of conflict occurrence.

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Creating a Socially Adaptive Model for Managing and Resolving Environmental Conflicts in Divided Societies: Galilee (in Israel) Conflicts as Demonstration Sites

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.736243 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Hussein I. Tarabeah ◽

Rassem Khamaisi ◽

Deborah Shmueli

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Model ◽

Environmental Conflicts ◽

Divided Societies

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Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780190881856.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Fanie du Toit

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

The State ◽

African History ◽

Divided Societies ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

South Africans ◽

Social Goods ◽

Forward Looking

Reading South African history through the lens of interdependence helps explain the disappointment that many South Africans feel in relation to reconciliation. While they are justified in feeling let down, owing to rising inequality and social exclusion, it is wrong to blame Mandela’s strategy of just interdependence because it was abandoned too early. In seeking to overcome oppression, reconciliation is forward-looking and predicated on rebuilding relationships in divided societies. Dealing with a violent past is valuable when striving for a more just future. Reconciliation fosters just, inclusive, and fair societies and is locally owned and driven. A progressive approach to reconciliation is also needed. Reconciliation recognizes the inherent interdependence between citizens themselves, and between citizens and the state. These relationships are progressively re-established in more just ways. In so doing, it helps to create conditions in which social goods such as forgiveness, the rule of law, or democracy become possible.

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