Quantitative nuclear DNA differences associated with genome evolution in Guizotia (Compositae)

Genetica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Hiremath ◽  
H. N. Murthy ◽  
S. S. Salimath
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Nuclear Dna

Nuclear DNA content in the Australian Bulbine (Liliaceae)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dna Measurements

Nuclear DNA measurements for 17 Australian populations of Bulbine support the recognition of the four major groups already suggested by chromosome studies. Within the perennial group, Bulbine bulbosa s. lat., the tuberless, 46-chromosome (hypo-8x) "rock lily" has a similar DNA content to the hypo-4x, 24-chromosome populations of the "bulbosa" complex, which has populations at hypo-4x, -8x, and -12x levels. The "rock lily" also has substantially less DNA than another 46-chromosome entity, represented by the Kroombit population. Within the annual group, Bulbine semibarbata s. lat., the distinctions are less clear. However, the winged-seeded, 4x, 28-chromosome "alata" appears to have slightly more DNA than the closely related 26-chromosome "semibarbata." The 54-chromosome, 8x annual populations of eastern Australia have a DNA amount consistent with their proposed allopolyploid origin. The 52-chromosome "semibarbata" populations of Western Australia have, as expected, a lower DNA content than the 54-chromosome form and approximately twice the 4x "semibarbata" amount. It is suggested that some observed clinal variation in DNA content and an apparent DNA deficit in some of the higher polyploids of both perennial and annual groups may be attributable to climatic trends since the Miocene. Key words: Liliaceae, Bulbine, DNA content, polyploids, genome evolution.

Cytogenetics of Some New Guinean Dasyurids and Genome Evolution in the Dasyuridae (Marsupialia)

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Westerman ◽  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Dna Values

Karyotypes have been obtained for ten species of New Guinean dasyurid marsupials. All species have 2n = 14 chromosomes which, except for variation in size and shape of the X chromosome, are similar in morphology, not only between species but also to Australian species. The Y chromosome of all species is punctiform. C- and G-banding procedures have been applied to eight of the species and show (1) there are no major differences between species in amounts of C-band heterochromatin, and (2) the G-band patterns of the autosomes were virtually identical. These findings suggest that there have been no major karyotypic changes accompanying speciation of dasyurids in New Guinea. Since the G-banded karyotypes are also virtually identical to those reported for Australian dasyurids it would appear that this 2n = 14 karyotype probably represents the ancestral dasyurid form which can be derived as a result of a few inversions from an ancestral marsupial karyotype. These changes must have occurred very early in the dasyurid radiation as the) are found in all extant species and genera examined. However, virtually identical G-banded karyotypes may mask major differences in nuclear DNA values.

scholarly journals Quantum patterns of genome size variation in angiosperms

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liaofu Luo ◽  
Lirong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolution Operator ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Eigen Value ◽  
Dna Amounts

Aims: The discontinuous pattern of genome size variation in angiosperms is an unsolved problem related to genome evolution. We introduce a genome evolution operator and solve the related eigen-value equation to deduce the discontinuous pattern. Background: Genome is a well-defined system for studying evolution of species. One of the basic problems is the genome size evolution. The DNA amounts for angiosperm species are highly variable differing over 1000-fold. One big surprise is the discovery of the discontinuous distribution of nuclear DNA amounts in many angiosperm genera. Objective: The discontinuous distribution of nuclear DNA amounts have certain regularity much like a group of quantum states in atomic physics. The quantum pattern has not been explained by all the evolutionary theories so far and we shall interpret it through the quantum simulation of genome evolution. Methods: We have introduced a genome evolution operator H to deduce the distribution of DNA amount. The nuclear DNA amount in angiosperms is studied from the eigen-value equation of the genome evolution operator H. The operator H is introduced by physical simulation and it is defined as a function of the genome size N and the derivative with respective to the size. Results: The discontinuity of DNA size distribution and its synergetic occurrence in related angiosperms species are successfully deduced from the solution of the equation. The results agree well with the existing experimental data of Aloe, Clarkia, Nicotiana, Lathyrus, Allium and other genera. Conclusion: The success of our approach may infer the existence of a set of genomic evolutionary equations satisfying classical – quantum duality. The classical phase of evolution means it obeying classical deterministic law, while the quantum phase means it obeying quantum stochastic law. The discontinuity of DNA size distribution provides fresh evidence on the quantum evolution of angiosperms. People realize that the discontinuous pattern is due to the existence of some unknown evolutionary constrains. However, our study indicates that these constrains on angiosperm genome are essentially of quantum origin.

Genome size and chromosome number in Echinops (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in the Aegean and Balkan regions: technical aspects of nuclear DNA amount assessment and genome evolution in a phylogenetic frame

2012 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Sánchez-Jiménez ◽  
Oriane Hidalgo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Canela ◽  
Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev ◽  
Marija Edita Šolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Nuclear Dna Amount

PrimPol (Primase/Polymerase), replicating enzyme – A mini review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Sabeera Afzal ◽  
Alia Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Template ◽  
Preliminary Phase

Polymerases were revealed first in 1970s. Most important to the modest perception the enzyme responsible for nuclear DNA replication that was pol , for DNA repair pol and for mitochondrial DNA replication pol  DNA construction and renovation done by DNA polymerases, so directing both the constancy and discrepancy of genetic information. Replication of genome initiate with DNA template-dependent fusion of small primers of RNA. This preliminary phase in replication of DNA demarcated as de novo primer synthesis which is catalyzed by specified polymerases known as primases. Sixteen diverse DNA-synthesizing enzymes about human perspective are devoted to replication, reparation, mutilation lenience, and inconsistency of nuclear DNA. But in dissimilarity, merely one DNA polymerase has been called in mitochondria. It has been suggest that PrimPol is extremely acting the roles by re-priming DNA replication in mitochondria to permit an effective and appropriate way replication to be accomplished. Investigations from a numeral of test site have significantly amplified our appreciative of the role, recruitment and regulation of the enzyme during DNA replication. Though, we are simply just start to increase in value the versatile roles that play PrimPol in eukaryote.

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