Zinc, among a ?cocktail? of metal pollutants, is responsible for the absence of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber from the vicinity of a primary smelting works

Ecotoxicology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Hopkin ◽  
C. A. C. Hames
Keyword(s):  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Terrestrial Isopod

scholarly journals “Candidatus Bacilloplasma,” a Novel Lineage of Mollicutes Associated with the Hindgut Wall of the Terrestrial Isopod Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda)

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (17) ◽  
pp. 5566-5573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Kostanjšek ◽  
Jasna Štrus ◽  
Gorazd Avguštin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
Terrestrial Isopod ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACT Pointed, rod-shaped bacteria colonizing the cuticular surface of the hindgut of the terrestrial isopod crustacean Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda) were investigated by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and electron microscopy. The results of phylogenetic analysis, and the absence of a cell wall, affiliated these bacteria with the class Mollicutes, within which they represent a novel and deeply branched lineage, sharing less than 82.6% sequence similarity to known Mollicutes. The lineage has been positioned as a sister group to the clade comprising the Spiroplasma group, the Mycoplasma pneumoniae group, and the Mycoplasma hominis group. The specific signature sequence was identified and used as a probe in in situ hybridization, which confirmed that the retrieved sequences originate from the attached rod-shaped bacteria from the hindgut of P. scaber and made it possible to detect these bacteria in their natural environment. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a spherically shaped structure at the tapered end of the rod-shaped bacteria, enabling their specific and exclusive attachment to the tip of the cuticular spines on the inner surface of the gut. Specific adaptation to the gut environment, as well as phylogenetic positioning, indicate the long-term association and probable coevolution of the bacteria and the host. Taking into account their pointed, rod-shaped morphology and their phylogenetic position, the name “Candidatus Bacilloplasma” has been proposed for this new lineage of bacteria specifically associated with the gut surface of P. scaber.

Natural and experimental associations of Caenorhabditis remanei with Trachelipus rathkii and other terrestrial isopods

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Everet Baird
Keyword(s):  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods ◽  
Terrestrial Isopod ◽  
Dauer Larvae ◽  
Caenorhabditis Remanei ◽  
Ventral Appendages

AbstractCaenorhabditis remanei was found in association with the terrestrial isopod Trachelipus rathkii at several wooded locations in southwestern Ohio. These associations were as developmentally arrested dauer larvae. The sites of association were the inner surfaces of the dorsal plates and ventral appendages. C. remanei associations also were observed with Armadillidium nasatum, Cylisticus convexus, and Porcellio scaber. They were not observed with Porcellio spinicornis even though P. spinicornis populations were intermingled with infested populations of T. rathkii. Consistent with the observed natural associations, C. remanei dauers were experimentally able to infest T. rathkii and P. scaber . Dauer larvae responded to confinement with isopods by nictating and by climbing upon these potential hosts. Experimental infestations were able to persist for at least five days. Long-term infestations were not attempted. Naturliche und experimentelle Vergesellschaftungen von Caenorhabditis remanei mit Trachelipus rathkii unde anderen terrestrischen Isopoden - An mehreren waldigen Stellen im Sudwesten von Ohio wurde Caenorhabditis remani vergesellschaftet mit dem terrestrischen Isopoden Trachelipus rathkii gefunden. Diese Assoziationen waren wie in der Entwicklung gehemmte Dauerlarven. Sie wurden an den inneren Oberflachen der Dorsalplatten und der ventralen Anhange festgestellt. Vergesellschaftungen von C. remani wurden auch mit Armadillium nasutum, Cylisticus convexus und Porcellio scaber beobachtet. Nicht beobachtet wurden sie dagegen bei Porcellio spinicornis, obwohl Populationen dieser Art mit infizierten Populationen von T. rathkii vermischt vorkamen. In Ubereinstimmung mit den beobachteten naturlichen Assoziationen konnten Dauerjuvenile von C. remani auch im Versuch T. rathkii und P. scaber befallen. Die Dauerjuvenile reagierten auf das enge Zusammensein mit den Isopoden durch Nickbewegungen und Klettern auf diese potentiellen Wirte. So ein experimenteller Befall konnte fur mindestens funf Tage bestehen. Langfristiger Befall wurde nicht versucht.

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