Sound conversion phenomena at the free surface of liquid helium. I. Calculation of the coefficients of reflection, transmission, and transformation of sound waves incident on the liquid-vapor interface of helium

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 623-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wiechert ◽  
F. I. Buchholz
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Thermal Emission of Electrons from Liquid Helium

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1392-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
W . Schoepe ◽  
G . W . Rayfield
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Escape Rate ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
Smoluchowski’S Equation ◽  
Λ Point ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Abstract The free surface of liquid helium acts as an energy barrier for electrons crossing the surface from the liquid into the vapor. The barrier is shown to be induced by the dielectric image-potential acting on the electrons below the liquid vapor interface. The application of an extracting electric field across the surface reduces the barrier and leads to a potential well below the surface which traps the electrons for extended periods of time. The escape into the vapor phase is shown to be dominated by thermal diffusion from the potential well according to Smoluchowski's equation. By measuring the escape rate a barrier height of 43.8 ± 0.7 K has been found. The top of the well lies 25 Å below the liquid vapor interface. Close to the λ-point and at higher temperatures the escape rate deviates from the theory. The relevancy of the present work for previous and further investigations of thermal eelctron emission from liquid helium is discussed.

A Numerical Description of a Liquid-Vapor Interface Based on the Second Gradient Theory

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Jamet ◽  
Olivier Lebaigue ◽  
Jean-Marc Delhaye ◽  
N. Coutris
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Theory ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
Second Gradient ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Brillouin scattering studies of simple liquids: O2, N2, CO, CH4

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2178-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
H. Kiefte ◽  
I. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Simple Liquids ◽  
Coexistence Line ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Liquid Vapor

The technique of Brillouin scattering has been used to obtain new velocity and attenuation data for thermal sound waves in liquids O2, N2, CO, and CH4. Measurements of Brillouin shift and linewidth were made along the liquid–vapor coexistence line in each case and, when combined with previously published results, comprise a reasonably complete set of data covering the saturated liquid ranges of all four cryogenic materials. Where possible, comparisons are made with corresponding ultrasonic data.

Liquid–vapor interface of water–methanol mixture. I. Computer simulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 1464-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Matsumoto ◽  
Yuji Takaoka ◽  
Yosuke Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
Methanol Mixture ◽  
Liquid Vapor
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