Chromosomal polymorphism and extra bristles of Drosophila melanogaster: joint variation under selection in isofemale lines

Genetica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Garc�a-V�zquez ◽  
F. S�nchez-Refusta
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Isofemale Lines

scholarly journals Selection on wing allometry in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Weber
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Bivariate Distribution ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Environmental Regimes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lateral Offset

Abstract Five bivariate distributions of wing dimensions of Drosophila melanogaster were measured, in flies 1) subjected to four defined environmental regimes during development, 2) taken directly from nature in seven U.S. states, 3) selected in ten populations for change in wing form, and 4) sampled from 21 long inbred wild-type lines. Environmental stresses during development altered both wing size and the ratios of wing dimensions, but regardless of treatment all wing dimensions fell near a common allometric baseline in each bivariate distribution. The wings of wild-caught flies from seven widely separated localities, and of their laboratory-reared offspring, also fell along the same baselines. However, when flies were selected divergently for lateral offset from these developmental baselines, response to selection was rapid in every case. The mean divergence in offset between oppositely selected lines was 14.68 SD of the base population offset, after only 15 generations of selection at 20%. Measurements of 21 isofemale lines, founded from wild-caught flies and maintained in small populations for at least 22 years, showed large reductions in phenotypic variance of offsets within lines, but a large increase in the variance among lines. The variance of means of isofemale lines within collection localities was ten times the variance of means among localities of newly established wild lines. These observations show that much additive genetic variance exists for individual dimensions within the wing, such that bivariate developmental patterns can be changed in any direction by selection or by drift. The relative invariance of the allometric baselines of wing morphology in nature is most easily explained as the result of continuous natural selection around a local optimum of functional design.

Chromosomal Polymorphism in Egyptian Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Evolution ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mourad ◽  
G. S. Mallah
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism

GENETICS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE LIFE HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. FEMALE PRODUCTIVITY

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Yuchiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isofemale Line ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Total Progeny ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Starting from four basic strains of Drosophila melanogaster, two laboratory strains (cn bw, Tokyo) and two isofemale lines (B-102, B-103) originated from a wild population in Texas, we constructed by repeated backcrosses through females for 20 or more generations a total of 16 strains of all possible combinations between the chromosome sets and cytoplasmic classes. Females from these 16 synthesized strains were then examined for their reproductive performance during their entire life span.—The chromosome set from the cn bw strain was found to associate with the highest female productivity when the age of females was very young, but these females ceased their reproduction and died relatively earlier, resulting in a smaller number of total progeny. The B-102 and B-103 chromosome sets, on the other hand, were associated with the lowest productivity when the females were young, but they lived and continued reproduction longer, resulting in a larger number of total progeny. The Tokyo chromosome set was associated with female productivity intermediate between the other two groups.—Cytoplasmic factors were found to affect the productivity of young females, with the cytoplasm from the cn bw strain associated with the highest productivity. Longevity was not cytoplasmically affected.—There was a clear interaction in female productivity between the Tokyo chromosome set and the cytoplasm from the Texas isofemale lines; the lifetime female productivity, as well as longevity, associated with the Tokyo chromosome set was found to increase considerably when it was substituted into the cytoplasm of the Texas isofemale line. This chromosome-cytoplasm interaction appeared to be independent of the two systems of hybrid dysgenesis.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE OF THE CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER POPULATIONS

Evolution ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Inoue ◽  
Taishu Watanabe ◽  
Takao K. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Evolutionary Change
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