Electrophoretic variability in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

Genetica ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Cabrera ◽  
A. M. Gonz�lez ◽  
J. M. Larruga ◽  
A. Gull�n
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Simulans

scholarly journals Abundant genetic variability in Drosophila simulans for hybrid female lethality in interspecific crosses to Drosophila melanogaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE R. GÉRARD ◽  
DAVEN C. PRESGRAVES
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Hybrid Lethality ◽  
Hybrid Female ◽  
Multiple Loci

SummaryIntrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation is thought to result from the substitution of multiple harmless or beneficial genetic differences between species that are incidentally deleterious when combined in species hybrids, causing hybrid sterility or inviability. Genetic variability for hybrid sterility or inviability phenotypes is, however, rarely assessed in natural populations. Here, we assess variation for Drosophila simulans-encoded maternal factor(s) that cause lethality in D. simulans–Drosophila melanogaster F1 hybrid females. First, we survey genetic variability in the strength of D. simulans-mediated maternal effect hybrid lethality among 37 geographic and laboratory isolates. We find abundant variability in the strength of maternal effect hybrid lethality, ranging from complete lethality to none. Second, we assess maternal effect hybrid lethality for a subset of wild isolates made heterozygous with two so-called hybrid rescue strains. The results suggest that the D. simulans maternal effect hybrid lethality involves a diversity of alleles and/or multiple loci.

scholarly journals copia expression is variable among natural populations of Drosophila.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
A K Csink ◽  
J F McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Copy Number Analysis ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Drosophila Mauritiana

Abstract A survey of copia (retroviral-like element) expression in flies representing 37 populations worldwide of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana demonstrates that, although copia elements are present in all three species, copia-encoded transcripts are detectable only in D. melanogaster. Levels of copia transcripts vary nearly 100-fold among flies representing geographically diverse populations of D. melanogaster and this variation is not correlated with variability in copia copy number. Analysis of transcript levels in interpopulation hybrids demonstrates that much of this variability may be attributable to the action of trans-acting controls. The geographic and phylogenetic pattern of copia expression suggests that moderate to high levels of copia expression may be a relatively recent evolutionary acquisition. The potential evolutionary significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Intraspecific and interspecific variation at the y-ac-sc region of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Martín-Campos ◽  
J M Comerón ◽  
N Miyashita ◽  
M Aguadé
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Length Variation

Abstract A 2.2-kb region including the ac gene of Drosophila simulans has been sequenced. Interspecific divergence between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans was estimated as 0.0695 and 0.0558 for silent and for all sites, respectively. Estimated silent site divergence for the ac region is comparable to that estimated for other regions of the genome between these species, indicating that silent sites of the ac region are not under significantly stronger functional constraint. Intraspecific variation in both species was also investigated. Restriction-site and length polymorphism in the ac region of D. simulans has been investigated for 103 X chromosome lines sampled from three natural populations in Spain using eight four-cutter restriction enzymes. Neither restriction-site nor length variation was detected in the three populations surveyed. In D. melanogaster restriction-site and length polymorphism in all major transcription units of the y-ac-sc region (23.1-kb region) has been studied using four four-cutter restriction enzymes for 245 X chromosome lines sampled from 10 natural populations (seven from Europe, two from North America and one from Japan). Fourteen restriction-site and 28 length polymorphisms were detected. There was some indication of population subdivision for North American vs. European samples of D. melanogaster. The frequency spectrum of restriction-site polymorphisms in European populations was skewed toward rarer frequencies than predicted by the neutral theory. Comparison of silent site variation at this telomeric region with that in the Adh 5'-flanking region showed a reduced level of heterozygosity in the y-ac-sc region. Since interspecific silent divergence is not reduced in the y-ac-sc region as compared to other regions, the reduction in standing levels of variation at this telomeric locus in both D. simulans and D. melanogaster is most easily explained by a hitchhiking effect of linked selected substitutions.

A Comprehensive Study of Genic Variation in Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster. III. Variations in Genetic Structure and Their Causes Between Drosophila melanogaster and Its Sibling Species Drosophila simulans

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-710
Author(s):  
M Choudhary ◽  
Rama S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Genic Variation ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Physiological Characters ◽  
Comprehensive Study

ABSTRACT The natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans were compared for their genetic structure. A total of 114 gene-protein loci were studied in four mainland (from Europe and Africa) and an island (Seychelle) populations of D. simulans and the results were compared with those obtained on the same set of homologous loci in fifteen worldwide populations of D. melanogaster. The main results are as follows: (1) D. melanogaster shows a significantly higher proportion of loci polymorphic than D. simulans (52% vs. 39%, P < 0.05), (2) both species have similar mean heterozygosity and mean number of alleles per locus, (3) the two species share some highly polymorphic loci but they do not share loci that show high geographic differentiation, and (4) D. simulans shows significantly less geographic differentiation than D. melanogaster. The differences in genetic differentiation between the two species are limited to loci located on the X and second chromosomes only; loci on the third chromosome show similar level of geographic differentiation in both species. These two species have previously been shown to differ in their pattern of variation for chromosomal polymorphisms, quantitative and physiological characters, two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE) proteins, middle repetitive DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Variation in niche-widths and/or genetic "strategies" of adaptation appear to be the main causes of differences in the genetic structure of these two species.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study of genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. VI. Patterns and processes of genic divergence between D. melanogaster and its sibling species, Drosophila simulans.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-853
Author(s):  
M Choudhary ◽  
M B Coulthart ◽  
R S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Genic Variation ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Abstract We present here an extensive set of data on allelic differences between homologous proteins of Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species, Drosophila simulans, obtained by nondenaturing one-dimensional, and denaturing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The data suggest that, for these two species, (1) approximately 10% of protein-coding loci have no alleles in common in our sample, (2) the extent of genic variation at a locus (mean heterozygosity) within a species is not correlated with the extent of divergence (Nei's genetic distance) at that locus between species, and (3) significant heterogeneity of divergence rates exists for different structural/functional classes of loci. These results are discussed in the context of the dynamics of genetic variation within and between species.

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