Agroforestry on alkali soil: effect of planting methods and amendments on initial growth, biomass accumulation and chemical composition of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC) with inter-space planted with and without Karnal grass (Diplachne fusca Linn. P. Beauv.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurbachan Singh ◽  
I. P. Abrol ◽  
S. S. Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Planting Methods

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDANTS EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum HUBER EX DUCKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz Ximenes ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Alison Martins dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

scholarly journals Nucleation and Initial Growth of Garnet in Low-Grade Metamorphic Rocks of the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt, Kanto Mountains, Japan

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuko Inui ◽  
Yumenosuke Wakai ◽  
Hiirou Sakuragi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Crystal Size Distribution ◽  
Garnet Growth ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
The Core ◽  
Log Normal

The beginning of the recrystallization of minerals within a subducting oceanic plate provides a valuable record of dehydration within the subduction zone. Pelitic schists of the Nagatoro area, Kanto Mountains, Japan, record the initial stages of garnet growth. Consequently, these rocks were studied to analyze garnet nucleation and growth during metamorphism of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, one of the world’s most comprehensively studied subduction complexes. The garnet grains are small, euhedral, and occur only within micaceous lamellae that define the schistosity. Crystal size distribution analyses revealed most of the garnet grains follow the log-normal size distribution, indicating that they formed in the same event. A few exceptionally large garnet grains exist that do not seem to follow the log-normal distribution. The latter garnet grains contain a rounded fragmental area with a different chemical composition inside the core. It is possible that detrital fragments of garnet contribute to the irregular crystal size distribution of garnet in the studied area. Many of the smaller (log-normal) garnet grains have relatively large, homogeneous Mn-rich cores. The lack of chemical zoning within the garnet cores suggests that they grew under constant pressure and temperature in response to overstepping of the garnet-in reaction. The chemical composition changes very sharply at the boundary between the core and the surrounding mantle. The size of the Mn-rich core is different from sample to sample, suggesting that the nucleation was controlled by the local chemical condition of each sample.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity of nanoparticles produced from homogeneous nucleation in the CLOUD experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kim ◽  
L. Ahlm ◽  
T. Yli-Juuti ◽  
M. Lawler ◽  
H. Keskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Sulfuric acid, amines and oxidized organics have been found to be important compounds in the nucleation and initial growth of atmospheric particles. Because of the challenges involved in determining the chemical composition of objects with very small mass, however, the properties of the freshly nucleated particles and the detailed pathways of their formation processes are still not clear. In this study, we focus on a challenging size range, i.e., particles that have grown to diameters of 10 and 15 nm following nucleation, and measure their water uptake. Water uptake is useful information for indirectly obtaining chemical composition of aerosol particles. We use a nanometer-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) at subsaturated conditions (ca. 90 % relative humidity at 293 K) to measure the hygroscopicity of particles during the seventh Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD7) campaign performed at CERN in 2012. In CLOUD7, the hygroscopicity of nucleated nanoparticles was measured in the presence of sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid–dimethylamine, and sulfuric acid–organics derived from α-pinene oxidation. The hygroscopicity parameter κ decreased with increasing particle size, indicating decreasing acidity of particles. No clear effect of the sulfuric acid concentration on the hygroscopicity of 10 nm particles produced from sulfuric acid and dimethylamine was observed, whereas the hygroscopicity of 15 nm particles sharply decreased with decreasing sulfuric acid concentrations. In particular, when the concentration of sulfuric acid was 5.1 × 106 molecules cm−3 in the gas phase, and the dimethylamine mixing ratio was 11.8 ppt, the measured κ of 15 nm particles was 0.31 ± 0.01: close to the value reported for dimethylaminium sulfate (DMAS) (κDMAS ∼ 0.28). Furthermore, the difference in κ between sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid–imethylamine experiments increased with increasing particle size. The κ values of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and organics were much smaller than those of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine. This suggests that the organics produced from α-pinene ozonolysis play a significant role in particle growth even at 10 nm sizes.

scholarly journals The morphology of silver nanoparticles prepared by enzyme-induced reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Schneidewind ◽  
Thomas Schüler ◽  
Katharina K Strelau ◽  
Karina Weber ◽  
Dana Cialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nanoparticle Films ◽  
Transmission Electron

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by an enzyme-induced growth process on solid substrates. In order to customize the enzymatically grown nanoparticles (EGNP) for analytical applications in biomolecular research, a detailed study was carried out concerning the time evolution of the formation of the silver nanoparticles, their morphology, and their chemical composition. Therefore, silver-nanoparticle films of different densities were investigated by using scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy to examine their structure. Cross sections of silver nanoparticles, prepared for analysis by transmission electron microscopy were additionally studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to probe their chemical composition. The surface coverage of substrates with silver nanoparticles and the maximum particle height were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Variations in the silver-nanoparticle films depending on the conditions during synthesis were observed. After an initial growth state the silver nanoparticles exhibit the so-called desert-rose or nanoflower-like structure. This complex nanoparticle structure is in clear contrast to the auto-catalytically grown spherical particles, which maintain their overall geometrical appearance while increasing their diameter. It is shown, that the desert-rose-like silver nanoparticles consist of single-crystalline plates of pure silver. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) activity of the EGNP structures is promising due to the exceptionally rough surface structure of the silver nanoparticles. SERS measurements of the vitamin riboflavin incubated on the silver nanoparticles are shown as an exemplary application for quantitative analysis.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effect of Essential Oil from Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) against Spring Wheat and White Mustard

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Beata Jop ◽  
Agnieszka Krajewska ◽  
Karolina Wawrzyńczak ◽  
Karolina Polaszek ◽  
Agnieszka Synowiec
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Hyssop essential oil is a rich source of biologically active compounds. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of essential oil from the hyssop herb and its phytotoxicity against germination and initial growth of wheat and mustard. The main compounds of the oil were identified as isopinocamphone and pinocamphone. In a Petri dish experiment, the oil mainly inhibited the germination and initial growth of wheat, whereas mustard was less affected. In conclusion, hyssop oil displays phytotoxic potential against the studied species and should be tested further.

Interactions between applications of gypsum and zinc sulphate on the yield and chemical composition of rice grown on an alkali soil

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Singh ◽  
R. Chhabra ◽  
I. P. Abrol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Alkali Soils ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Optimum Response ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Extractable Zn

SummaryA field experiment on an alkali soil (ESP 94) studied the effect of gypsum applied at 0, 2·5, 5 and 10t/ha and zinc sulphate applied at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg/ha on the growth, yield and chemical composition of rice. The effects of gypsum and zinc applications were additive. Optimum response of rice was to 10 kg zinc sulphate/ha at the 5 and 10 t/ha gypsum levels. At low levels of gypsum, plant growth was poor owing to toxicity of Na and/or deficiency of Ca, and higher levels of zinc sulphate gave a yield response. Zinc-deficient plants had significantly lower Zn concentration but higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ca and Mg than the healthy plants. Application of gypsum decreased the concentration of Na, Fe and Zn in rice plants and increased the concentration of Ca, K, Mn and Cu. in plots not treated with gypsum, the Zn concentration of plants was higher but grain yield was lower than that of gypsum-treated plots. Application of zinc increased the DTPA-extractable Zn but gypsum decreased the soil sodicity and DTPA-extractable Zn in alkali soils.

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