Assessment of inter- and intra-population variation in quinoline alkaloid profile of juvenile shoot cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana: effect of method of nutrient delivery on alkaloid profile

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. Kilby ◽  
David L. Griggs ◽  
Stephanie F. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Population Variation ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Quinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana ◽  
Juvenile Shoot

scholarly journals Localization of Alkaloid and Other Secondary Metabolites in Cinchona ledgeriana Moens: Anatomical and Histochemical Studies on Fresh Tissues and Cultured Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dian Rahma Pratiwi ◽  
Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Diah Ratnadewi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Quinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana ◽  
Positive Results

Cinchona ledgeriana produces several secondary metabolites. The main quinoline alkaloid, quinine that is widely used as an antimalarial drug, is most commonly extracted from the bark of Cinchona, and its leaves contain several other metabolites. Many studies have revealed that cell culture of Cinchona also produces quinine. Nevertheless, the sites of secondary metabolites accumulation are still elusive. This study is aimed at describing specific anatomical structures where alkaloids and some other secondary metabolites are accumulated as well as their localization in leaves and barks of C. ledgeriana, compared to those found in cultured cells. Fresh leaves and barks, and cells of C. ledgeriana were used for anatomical observation and histochemical tests. It was found that these plant parts have specialized structures, idioblast cells with elliptical- and spherical-shapes, scattered in leaf hypodermis, stem cortex, and secondary phloem. Unspecialized structures such as epidermis and palisade mesophyll tissues were also found accumulating some metabolites. Histochemical tests showed that bark and leaves contained alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic, and lipophilic compounds. Cultured cells presented positive results for alkaloids and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Aktivitas NADP(H) Oksidoreduktase pada Kultur Sel Kina (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) Terelisitasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
Maulidiyah Utami ◽  
Diah Ratnadewi ◽  
Dyah Iswantini ◽  
Trivadila Trivadila
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Quinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Quinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana

Cinchona ledgeriana Moens is an industrial plant producing secondary metabolite quinoline alkaloids. To maintain and moreover, to increase the quinoline production especially quinine, in vitro culture system through cell culture could be a potential alternative. If the use of elicitor in cell culture can increase the production of a secondary metabolite, the activity of the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the secondary metabolite in question might be increasing. This study aimed to examine the activity of NADPH oxidoreductase in the elicitated cell culture of C. ledgeriana and to evaluate the correlation between the activity of this enzyme and the level of quinine production. The cell cultures of Cinchona were treated with abscisic acid (ABA) or paclobutrazol (PBZ), combined with sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol in Wood Plant (WP) media, for 7 weeks on a shaker. The quinine concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the enzyme activity was measured using fluorometry. The results showed that the highest enzyme activity was found in the P7M cells (PBZ 7 mg/L + mannitol 5.3 g/L + sucrose 20 g/L), followed by the A3S cells (ABA 3 mg/L + sorbitol 5.3 g/L + sucrose 20 g/L). These results correspond to their production level of the quinine alkaloids. The lowest enzyme activity was found in the cultures without elicitor. The increase of NADP(H) enzyme activity in the P7M and A3S treatments were 13.5 and 8.5%, respectively, compared to that in the control cells. Keywords: elicitation, fluorometry, NADP(H) oxidoreductase, quinoline alkaloid

Parental breeding age effects on descendants’ longevity interact over two generations in matrilines and patrilines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zac Wylde ◽  
Foteini Spagopoulou ◽  
Amy K Hooper ◽  
Alexei A Maklakov ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Two Generations

Individuals within populations vary enormously in mortality risk and longevity, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. A potentially important and phylogenetically widespread source of such variation is maternal age at breeding, which typically has negative effects on offspring longevity. Here, we show that paternal age can affect offspring longevity as strongly as maternal age does, and that breeding age effects can interact over two generations in both matrilines and patrilines. We manipulated maternal and paternal ages at breeding over two generations in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. To determine whether breeding age effects can be modulated by the environment, we also manipulated larval diet and male competitive environment in the first generation. We found separate and interactive effects of parental and grandparental ages at breeding on descendants’ mortality rate and lifespan in both matrilines and patrilines. These breeding age effects were not modulated by grandparental larval diet quality or competitive environment. Our findings suggest that variation in maternal and paternal ages at breeding could contribute substantially to intra-population variation in mortality and longevity.

On-The-Move Nutrient Delivery System (NDS): User Acceptability of Rotary Flow Control Version

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Montain ◽  
Susan J. McGraw ◽  
Matther R. Ely ◽  
Frederick Dupont ◽  
William J. Tharion
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
User Acceptability ◽  
Control Version ◽  
Nutrient Delivery System

Eliminating Thrips in Microshoot Cultures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506d-506
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Holly J. Schwager ◽  
Mary W. George ◽  
Joseph P. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures

Two insecticides, acephate or azadirachtin, were added to tissue culture media to determine their effectiveness in controlling onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman.) and to determine if these insecticides could damage the plant shoot cultures. To test for insecticide phytotoxicity, microshoots from European birch (Betula pendula), American elm (Ulmus americana), `Pink Arola' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora), `America' rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), `Golden Emblem' rose (Rosa hybrida), and `Gala' apple (Malus domestica) were placed in 130-ml baby food jars containing 25 ml of medium supplemented with 6.5, 13, or 26 mg/l Orthene® (contained acephate) or 0.55, 1.1, or 2.2 ml/l Azatin® (contained azadirachtin). Control jars lacked insecticide. To test for thrips control, 13 mg/l Orthene® or 0.55 ml/l Azatin® was added to Murashige and Skoog medium, and 10 thrips were placed on `Gala' apple microshoots in each jar. Jars were sealed with plastic wrap. In both studies, microshoot dry weight and heights were determined. In the second study, the total number of thrips per jar was also determined 3 weeks after inoculation. Microshoots on Orthene®-treated media lacked phytotoxicity symptoms, regardless of the concentration used. In contrast, Azatin® hindered plant growth, decreasing shoot height or dry weight by up to 85% depending on the species. Both insecticides prevented thrips populations from increasing, since less than 10 thrips were found in jars with insecticide-treated medium. Control jars, however, contained an average of almost 70 thrips per jar. This study demonstrated that both Orthene® and Azatin® were effective for eradicating thrips from plant tissue cultures, but Orthene® should probably be used because Azatin® was phytotoxic to all species tested.

C‐reactive protein in adult Samoans: Population variation and physiological correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Rivara ◽  
Margaret Corley ◽  
Courtney C. Choy ◽  
Rachel L. Duckham ◽  
Alysa Pomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Variation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein
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