A method of estimating total food consumed by fish populations

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Penczak
Keyword(s):  
Fish Populations ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Consumed

The Job Of Microfinance For The Advancement Of Self Help Groups In India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Dr.R. Murugesan ◽  
M. Leelavathi ◽  
Dr. K. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Positive Step ◽  
Food Consumed

towards jumping from the category of developing economy to developed economy there is one big factor that stops and poses a hindrance in its path of advancement and that obstacle is termed as Poverty. The Indian economic policy focuses on a high growth rate along with a equal participation of the poor so that they avail the opportunities available in the market economy. And in order to ensure the participation of the poor it has become important for the country to create a platform where the poor can easily access the various financial products. Microfinance is one such strategy for inclusive growth. Microfinance can change the life of the poor though not completely but a reasonable change can be ensured. In different phases of life women play a crucial role despite the discrimination that is faced by them. But equality can be endowed to women by enhancing the entrepreneurial skills in them. This is possible through Self Help Groups (SHGs). In India women produce around 30% of the total food consumed but she gets only 10% of the property or wealth of the country. Development of women is inevitable for the development and growth of any economy. SHGs happen to be a positive step in this direction. Along with these mediums there should be a cheap and easy source of credit for them and Microfinance fulfills the requirement. This study aims to find the role of this strong medium of Microfinance in the advancement of SHGs in India

Efficiency of lean meat production by British Friesian and Jersey steers

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hind
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Equal Maximum ◽  
Food Consumed

ABSTRACT1. Eight-one British Friesian and 44 Jersey steers was slaughtered at 1. 12, 24, 48 or 72 weeks of age. Those aged 24 weeks and over were reared on a standard complete diet offered ad libitum, and individual food intakes were recorded until slaughter when carcasses were dissected on an anatomical basis.2. From 1 to 72 weeks British Friesians were on average 50% heavier than Jerseys and consumed 47% more food. Total lean tissue (L) increased 11-fold to 137 + 6·4 kg in the British Friesians and 16-fold to 84 ± 4·7 kg in the Jersey. L as a percentage of live weight rose to 32% ±0·6 in the British Friesians and to 29% ±0·8 in the Jerseys. Breeds did not differ significantly in average efficiency of growth of lean tissue in any period.3. From 24 to 72 weeks, an allometric relationship held between L and total food consumed postnatally, F. The two breeds had the same allometric coefficient of 0·61. Current efficiency, 0·61 L/F, was thus proportional to cumulated efficiency, L/F. Allowance was made for the prenatal input, Fo, required to produce the newborn calf. An optimum slaughter point at which overall efficiency, L/(F+F0), reached a maximum occurred in each breed when postnatal input was 58% higher than prenatal input (F = 1·58F0). When the breeds had equal maximum efficiency the British Friesian: Jersey ratios for prenatal input, total food consumed and total lean produced were all 2·6:1.

The Food and the Food Supply of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum) in Cultus lake, British Columbia.

1937 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Summer Feeding ◽  
Food Consumed

The analysis of several hundred stomachs of sockeye salmon taken from Cultus lake at all seasons shows that pelagic plankton crustaceans are practically the only food of the fingerlings, and are the most important food of the older fish. The total food consumed by fingerlings, per unit bulk, is greatest in July and August, least in winter. The entomostracan food available in the lake, as determined from plankton samples, varies seasonally in a similar manner. The percentage utilization of each of the four species of Entomostraca by a fingerling sockeye population is related directly to the plankter's abundance, and inversely to its size. Individual sockeye, however, occasionally exhibit preference for smaller or less abundant species. The summer feeding of fingerlings appears to be chiefly confined to the region between 5 and 15 metres depth, which includes the thermocline and adjacent narrow strips of the epilimnion and hypolimnion. Foraging is limited upward by scarcity of food, and downward by poor illumination or low temperature. Other fish in the lake are known to compete with sockeye for plankton, but such interspecific competition is believed to be quantitatively of minor importance, in summer at least. Intraspecific competition for food in years of large sockeye populations is sufficient to reduce their rate of growth, and is probably responsible for an unusually early decline, in those years, of the summer's supply of Entomostraca.

Rates of Food Exploitation by Littoral Fishes in a Mesotrophic North-Temperate Lake

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boisclair ◽  
W. C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Temperate Lakes ◽  
Total Food ◽  
North Temperate Lakes ◽  
Food Consumed

The relationship between the biomass of food consumed by the littoral zone fish community of Lake Memphremagog, Quebec, and the total biomass of littoral zone food present was estimated on a daily and annual basis. The dominant food consumed were benthic invertebrates followed by forage fishes and plankton. The daily geometric mean exploitation rate was 0.55% of the total dry weight food biomass in the littoral zone. The corresponding annual rate was 72%. Energy equivalents were 0.81% (daily) and 105% (annual). When benthic invertebrate biomass values were adjusted to more accurately reflect availability (on the basis of depth distribution in the sediments and size) the geometric mean dry weight exploitation rates were 0.80% (daily) and 104% (annual). Corresponding energy rates were 1.15% (daily) and 150% (annual). These rates are significantly lower than reported benthic P/B ratios for 21 north-temperate lakes. These data indicate that littoral zone fishes crop only a very small fraction of the food biomass in the littoral zone. We conclude that the behaviors of both predator and prey act to limit the available fraction of the total food biomass and predict that the ratio of available to total food biomass in the littoral zone of north-temperate lakes will approximate 1%. This is consistent with existing empirical models linking fish production/biomass with biomass at lower trophic levels.

scholarly journals PREFERENCE OF TEMORA STYLIFERA (CALANOID COPEPOD) FOR PLANKTONIC CILIATES AND EGG PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Ngurah N. Wiadnyana
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Planktonic Ciliates ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Food Consumed

The investigation of feeding and egg production of the calanoid co pepod Temora stylifera was carried out between September and November 1988. The copepods were fed on natural ciliates and phytoplankton assemblage. Planktonic ciliates composed of 2.20 to 3.83 g C l -1 representing 15.2 to 58.7% of total biomass in standing stock. They were consumed by these copepods at rates ranging from 11.25 to 38.14 g C mg DW-1  d-1 or about 27.6 to 74.8% of total food consumed. The increase of ciliates/phytoplankton biomass ratio in the food consumed by the copepods in the all experiments indicates the preference for ciliates, in which as a good quality of food they can improve the rates of copepods egg production.

Lactic casein whey powder in rations for pigs: I. The substitution of un-neutralized lactic casein whey powder for barley meal in an all-meal ration for growing pigs

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Great Practical Importance ◽  
Whey Powder ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Consumed

SummaryThe results of 2 experiments indicated that casein whey powder can successfully constitute a relatively high proportion of an all-meal diet for growing pigs. Pigs given a diet consisting of a basal meal allowance per day of ½ lb meat meal and 1½ lb barley meal plus increasing amounts of casein whey powder took significantly less time and required significantly less food to grow from 50 lb to 120—140 lb liveweight, than either the control pigs or those given diets containing smaller basal meal allowances but correspondingly more whey powder. In the best diet whey powder comprised approximately 40% of the total food consumed. In one experiment, diets containing more whey powder than this resulted in slower growth rates, relative to that of the controls, from 110 lb liveweight onwards.There was a little more scouring on the diets containing the greater amounts of whey powder; but even where whey powder formed approximately 83% of the total food consumed, the incidence of scouring was not of great practical importance. Moreover, there was considerable variation among animals within treatment groups in this respect.

The invariance of production per unit of food consumed in fish populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
R. Wiff ◽  
M. A. Barrientos ◽  
A. M. Segura ◽  
A. C. Milessi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Populations ◽  
Food Consumed

Experimental Feeding of Some Medusae and Chaetognatha

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1743-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Physical Effect ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Food Consumed

The feeding behaviour of eight species of medusae was studied; total food consumed, rates of digestion, and growth rate were noted, especially in Cyanea and Aurelia.Aurelia up to 5 cm diam can accept a wide range of size of food organisms obtained by filtering sea water through the curtain of tentacles during pulsation, whereas most other species find their food by random contact with the tentacles. In Bougainvillia it is the dichotomously branched oral tentacles that capture the food. The apparent selectivity of Sarsia in feeding on copepods is shown to be a physical effect produced by its method of swimming. Leuckartiara can catch and eat active organisms larger than itself. None of the medusae examined showed any reaction to artificial stimulation by a vibrating probe.The method of transfer of food from the tentacles to the mouth is closely associated with the structure of the medusa. Long trailing tentacles contract and lift food towards the mouth and if the manubrium is long it can be manipulated to pick off the food from the tentacles. If the tentacles are short the umbrella edge folds inwards towards the mouth. If there is no manubrium, as in Staurophora, the cruciform stomach can accept food at any point.Larval fish are important in the diet of most medusae and rough estimates are given of a probable consumption of 50–250 larval fish per hydromedusa, about 450–500 by each Aurelia, and in the order of 15,000 by Cyanea. A conversion factor is given for food eaten by medusae of 37%, though this is based on only few data.Following the work of Horridge and Boulton (Proc. Roy. Soc. (Ser. B) 168: 413–419, 1967), who found that Spadella could be artificially stimulated to bite vibrating probes, similar experiments were made with Sagitta elegans. Although the chaetognaths were successfully kept alive the probes produced no feeding reaction. The methods are outlined for the benefit of others wishing to continue such investigations.

Modelling production per unit of food consumed in fish populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Wiff ◽  
Mauricio A. Barrientos ◽  
Andrés C. Milessi ◽  
J.C. Quiroz ◽  
John Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Fish Populations ◽  
Food Consumed
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